Relationship and partner moderator variables increase self-efficacy of performing skin self-examination

Abstract

Objective: We sought to identify relationship and partner-related moderating variables that influence the effectiveness of both a couples and a solo learning intervention designed to increase skin self-examination behavior in a sample of patients at risk for developing melanoma.

Methods: Patients received a brief intervention designed to teach skin self-examination skills and were randomly assigned into either a solo learning condition where the intervention was administered to the patient alone (n = 65) or a couple learning condition where the intervention was administered to the patient and patient's spouse or cohabiting partner (n = 65). The main outcome measure was skin self-examination self-efficacy, which is the strongest mediator of skin self-examination. The relationship moderator variables measured were quality of relationship, partner motivation, and ability to assist in implementation of the intervention.

Results: When quality of the marital/partner relationship was high, the beneficial effects provided by the partner being included in the skin self-examination skills training were the highest and patients exhibited higher self-efficacy. Similar effects were observed for those with partners who were motivated to implement the intervention, and for those with partners high in ability to provide support.

Limitations: Study limitations include the need to evaluate whether the effects can be sustained long term and the exclusion of patients with melanoma without partners.

Conclusions: The amount of beneficial effects gained by the patient from the skin self-examination intervention was influenced by marital/partner relationships. Clinicians may need to consider these relationship and partner characteristics when communicating to patients about skin cancer screening.

Fig 1

Theoretic model of couple relationship affiliation and partner characteristics as moderators between intervention and mediators of partner-assisted skin self-examination (SSE) performance.

Fig 2

Patients’ (A) and partners’ (B) reported quality of relationship as moderator of patients’ skin self-examination self-efficacy.

Fig 3

Partners’ reported motivation to assist in implementing intervention as moderator of patients’ self-efficacy.

Fig 4

Partners’ reported ability to assist in implementing intervention as moderator of patients’ self-efficacy.