Doubting the TCR coreceptor function of CD8alphaalpha

Abstract

"The beginning of wisdom is found in doubting; by doubting we come to question, and by seeking we may come upon the truth." -Pierre Abélard. CD8 is a glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic cells. Two isoforms of CD8, CD8alphabeta and CD8alphaalpha, have been identified that are distinct in their expression and function. Whereas CD8alphabeta serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) coreceptor to enhance the functional avidity and is constitutively expressed on MHC class I-restricted T cells, CD8alphaalpha marks T cells that are distinct from the conventional thymus-selected and MHC-restricted CD4(+) or CD8alphabeta(+) T cells. Inconsistent with a coreceptor function, CD8alphaalpha decreases antigen sensitivity of the TCR, and it can be transiently or permanently expressed on T cells, regardless of the MHC restriction of the TCR or the presence of conventional coreceptors. Together, these observations indicate that CD8alphaalpha on T cells marks a differentiation stage and that it likely functions as a TCR corepressor to negatively regulate T cell activation.