Photodegradation of acetaminophen in TiO(2) suspended solution

Abstract

This study investigated the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen (APAP) in TiO(2) suspended solution under a 250 W metal halide lamp. The influence of some parameters on the degradation of acetaminophen was studied and described in details, such as initial APAP concentration, initial pH value and TiO(2) dosage. After 100 min irradiation, about 95% of APAP is decomposed in the 1.0 g L(-1) TiO(2) aqueous solution with an initial concentration of 100 micromol L(-1). The effect of adsorption at three different pH values has also been analyzed and it has been conducted that pH 3.5, at which APAP was readily adsorbed also degraded at a faster rate. Reaction rate at pH 6.9 and pH 9.5 was 2.84 and 2.96 microM min(-1), respectively. Direct hole (h(+)) oxidation and ipso-substitution was found to be the main initial step for APAP degradation. Main reaction intermediates and products were identified by GC/MS analysis. The mechanism of acetaminophen photocatalytic degradation in TiO(2) suspended solution was studied not only experimentally but also theoretically by calculating the frontier electron density of APAP. The results obtained indicated that TiO(2) photocatalytic degradation is a highly effective way to remove APAP from wastewater and drinking water without any generation of more toxic products.