[Superior vena cava syndrome (definition, aetiology, physiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment)]

Abstract

Superior vena cava syndrome is a group of symptoms arising from reduced blood flow from the superior vena cava to the right atrium. The causes of superior vena cava syndrome can be malignant or benign. Nearly 95% of cases are, however, the result of malignant diseases. Superior vena cava syndrome is characterised by swelling of the face, neck or upper limbs with visible dilation of the veins in the neck or chest. Frequent symptoms are breathlessness and coughing. The treatment of the syndrome depends on the aetiology of the obstruction, the seriousness and prognosis of the disease. Treatment should begin as early as possible.