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. 2008 Nov;201(1):217-24.
doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.058. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

Relation of smoking status to a panel of inflammatory markers: the framingham offspring

Yamini S Levitzky  1 , Chao-Yu Guo, Jian Rong, Martin G Larson, Robert E Walter, John F Keaney Jr, Patrice A Sutherland, Aditi Vasan, Izabella Lipinska, Jane C Evans, Emelia J Benjamin
Affiliations

Relation of smoking status to a panel of inflammatory markers: the framingham offspring

Yamini S Levitzky et al. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Nov.

Abstract

Aims: We sought to investigate the hypothesis that smoking is accompanied by systemic inflammation.

Methods and results: We examined the relation of smoking to 11 systemic inflammatory markers in Framingham Study participants (n=2944, mean age 60 years, 55% women, 12% ethnic minorities) examined from 1998-2001. The cohort was divided into never (n=1149), former (n=1424), and current smokers with last cigarette >6h (n=134) or < or =6h (n=237) prior to phlebotomy. In multivariable-adjusted models there were significant overall between-smoking group differences (defined as p<0.0045 to account for multiple testing) for every inflammatory marker tested, except for serum CD40 ligand (CD40L), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2). With multivariable-adjustment, pair-wise comparisons with never smokers revealed that former smokers had significantly lower concentrations of plasma CD40L (p<0.0001) and higher concentrations of (CRP) C-reactive protein (p=0.002).

Conclusions: As opposed to never smokers, those with acute cigarette smoke exposure (< or =6h) had significantly higher concentrations of all markers (p<0.0001) except serum CD40L, MPO, and TNFR2; plasma CD40L were significantly lower. Compared with never smokers, cigarette smokers have significantly elevated concentrations of most circulating inflammatory markers, consistent with the hypothesis that smoking is associated with a systemic inflammatory state.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Estimated mean differences (with standard error bars) for smoking categories versus referent never smokers for standardized log marker concentrations Zero represents no difference between smoking category and never smokers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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