Why have we failed to reduce the frequency of cerebral palsy?

Abstract

Objective: To review the data on children with cerebral palsy in relation to quality of obstetric care.

Data sources and study selection: In our Institute, a regular Medline print-out, certain key journals and Current Contents are perused to create an updated computerised file of publications on the epidemiological, aetiological and other aspects of cerebral palsy. For this study we reviewed data from the Western Australian Cerebral Palsy Register, more than 150 publications from which studies were chosen for sound methodology in countries with modern obstetric practices, and recent population data on cerebral palsy.

Data extraction and synthesis: Three major areas were studied to see: (i) if the prevalence of cerebral palsy has fallen with increasing use of obstetric and neonatal interventions aimed at reducing birth asphyxia; (ii) if there is any evidence that cerebral palsy is caused by birth asphyxia; and (iii) if there is any evidence that intrapartum fetal monitoring or caesarean section reduces the prevalence of cerebral palsy.

Conclusions: We concluded that: cerebral palsy proportions are not falling in spite of significant increases in obstetric and neonatal interventions aimed at reducing asphyxia; cerebral palsy proportions in low birthweight infants are rising in most developed countries, coincident with increases in the neonatal survival of low birthweight babies; few cases of cerebral palsy seem to be caused by birth asphyxia and those that are may not have been preventable by obstetric care; and parents will continue to sue if obstetricians keep promising perfection from obstetric care in the face of 2.0-2.5 cases of cerebral palsy per 1000 children born.