Clinical profile of pediatric somatoform disorders

Abstract

Objectives: To study the prevalence, pattern, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of somatoform disorders in children.

Methods: From Aug 2004 to July 2005, children up to 18 years with unexplained physical symptoms were evaluated prospectively using DSM-IV criteria. Detailed evaluation followed for those meeting criteria.

Results: The prevalence of Somatoform disorders was 0.59% and 0.78% among out-door and in-door patients respectively. Among 124 children (40 boys and 84 girls) meeting criteria, conversion disorder was the commonest (57.3%), followed by undifferentiated somatoform disorder (25.2%). Girls were significantly more represented among conversion disorder patients compared to other groups of somatoform disorders (78.9 vs. 52.8 %, P=0.002). In conversion disorder, 2/3rd patients presented within 3 months, whereas in other somatoform disorders, 2/3rd patients presented within 3 months after symptoms. Fainting attacks (52.1%) and ataxia (43.7%) in conversion disorder and pain abdomen (52.8%) and headache (52.8%) in other somatoform disorders, were the commonest symptoms. Stressors were identified in 73.4% and acute precipitating stressors were present in 14.4% children. Boys had significantly higher rates of poor inter-personal relations and communication problems within the family (72.5% vs. 41.7%, P=0.001), while girls had significantly higher rates of conflicts with the parents and other family members (21.4% vs. 5%, P=0.02).

Conclusion: Somatoform disorders, particularly conversion disorder is commoner in girls. Important stressors are poor inter-personal relations and communication problems within the family in boys, and conflicts with family members among girls.