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. 2008 Jan;49(1):71-6.

A retrospective study of canine persistent nasal disease: 80 cases (1998-2003)

Erika Meler  1 , Marilyn Dunn, Manon Lecuyer
Affiliations

A retrospective study of canine persistent nasal disease: 80 cases (1998-2003)

Erika Meler et al. Can Vet J. 2008 Jan.

Abstract
in English, French

Persistent canine nasal disease is a common complaint in small animal practice; however, an etiologic diagnosis can be difficult to establish. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the percentage of cases for which the etiology was determined in our hospital population. Medical records from 80 dogs met the criteria of inclusion in the study. Nonspecific rhinitis was identified in 23.7% of cases. Other diagnoses were neoplasia (15.0%), fungal infection (nasal aspergillosis) (8.7%), cleft palate (8.7%), periodontal disease (4.0%), parasites (1.3%), foreign body (1.3%), and primary bacterial disease (1.3%). A definitive diagnosis could not be established in 36.3% of cases. Dogs with neoplastic and mycotic diseases often presented with severe radiographic and rhinoscopic lesions. Despite a systematic approach, numerous cases went undiagnosed. The use of advanced imaging should increase our ability to obtain an etiologic diagnosis in canine nasal disease.

Affections nasales persistantes chez le chien : Étude rétrospective de 80 cas (1998–2003). Les affections nasales persistantes chez le chien sont un motif de consultation fréquent en pratique des animaux de compagnie. Néanmoins, établir un diagnostic étiologique est parfois difficile. Le but de cette étude rétrospective est de déterminer le pourcentage de cas pour lesquels l’étiologie a été déterminée dans la population de chiens présentés à notre hôpital académique vétérinaire. Les données médicales de 80 animaux répondant aux critères d’inclusion de l’étude ont été analysées.

Dans 23,7 % des cas, une rhinite non spécifique a été identifiée. Les autres diagnostics ont été une tumeur nasale (15,0 %), une affection nasale fungique (8,7 %), une fente palatine (8,7 %), une maladie parodontale (4,0 %), des parasites nasaux (1,3 %), des corps étrangers (1,3 %) et une maladie bactérienne primaire (1,3 %). Dans 36,3 % des cas, le diagnostic n’a pas pu être établi. Les chiens atteints de néoplasie et d’infection fungique présentaient souvent des lésions sévères aux examens radiographiques et rhinoscopiques. Malgré une approche rigoureuse, de nombreux cas sont restés sans diagnostic. L’utilisation de techniques d’imagerie moderne devrait accroître notre capacité à établir un diagnostic étiologique chez les chiens atteints d’affection nasale persistante.

(Traduit par les auteurs)

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dorsoventral intraoral radiograph of a dog with nasal adenocarcinoma. This intraoral nasal radiograph shows a unilateral, localized, increased density associated with the disappearance of the ethmoid turbinate pattern in the caudal portion of the right nasal cavity. The dog presented for a unilateral right-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge. Nasal adenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Endoscopic examination of a dog with nasal aspergillosis. Endoscopic view of the caudal portion of the ventral meatus of the nasal cavity of a dog with nasal aspergillosis. Greyish plaques characteristic of aspergillosis are visible. Note the erosion of the mucous membranes and the atrophy of nasal conchae.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Photomicrograph of the nasal mucosa of a dog with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. Endoscopic biopsies of this dog showed marked lymphocytic (black arrowhead) and plasmacytic (black arrow) infiltration of the nasal mucosa. No other etiology could be found in this dog to explain the chronic bilateral rhinitis. The dog was diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. Hematoxylin-Eosin-Safran. Bar = 20 μm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Computed tomography of a dog with nasal adenocarcinoma. A caudal transverse view shows a soft tissue density invading the left nasal cavity. The nasal septum is eroded and invasion of the ventral portion of the left orbit through the frontal bone and nasopharyngeal area is observed (white arrow). A biopsy confirmed the presence of a nasal adenocarcinoma.
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