The diabetic foot

Abstract

Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions and with it carries the risk of complications. Disease of the foot is among one of the most feared complications of diabetes. The ultimate endpoint of diabetic foot disease is amputation, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, besides having immense social, psychological and financial consequences. As the majority of amputations are preceded by foot ulceration, it is crucial to identify those at an increased risk. Diabetic foot ulcers may develop as a result of neuropathy, ischaemia or both and when infection complicates a foot ulcer, the combination can become limb and life threatening. Structural abnormalities such as calluses, bunions, hammer toes, claw toes, flat foot and rocker bottom foot need to be identified and managed.