Gene regulation in the third dimension

Abstract

Analysis of the spatial organization of chromosomes reveals complex three-dimensional networks of chromosomal interactions. These interactions affect gene expression at multiple levels, including long-range control by distant enhancers and repressors, coordinated expression of genes, and modification of epigenetic states. Major challenges now include deciphering the mechanisms by which loci come together and understanding the functional consequences of these often transient associations.

Figure 1. Spatial assemblies

A. Linearly defined expression units in compact genomes and spatially assembled expression units in complex genomes. B. Association between coordinately expressed genes. C. Co-localization of genes at sub-nuclear structures such as transcription factories.

Figure 2

Passive and active models for bringing loci together.