Efficacy and safety of once-daily regimens in the treatment of HIV infection
- PMID: 18370438
- DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200868050-00001
Efficacy and safety of once-daily regimens in the treatment of HIV infection
Abstract
Early versions of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) characteristically involved complicated combinations of different drugs, which were taken as varying numbers of pills and as multiple doses each day. With the recent availability of once-daily treatment drugs, simpler regimens are becoming increasingly popular because of increased convenience. To help physicians make informed decisions about updating their patients' treatment regimens, this article compares newer once-daily administration regimens with older twice-daily administration regimens in terms of efficacy, durability, potential for adverse effects and patient adherence. More than ten antiretroviral drugs or drug combinations are now approved for once-daily administration in some countries: abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF), efavirenz, atazanavir, atazanavir plus ritonavir, fosamprenavir plus ritonavir and coformulated lopinavir/ritonavir. In addition, some drugs have been coformulated for once-daily administration (abacavir/lamivudine; emtricitabine/tenofovir DF; and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF). Clinical studies have validated the efficacy of HAART drug combinations for once-daily or twice-daily administration in patients who were treatment-naive or who required salvage therapy. On the basis of efficacy measures reflecting lowered viral load (percentage of patients with HIV RNA levels <400 copies/mL or <50 copies/mL), once-daily administration regimens were consistently found to be at least as effective as twice-daily regimens, and sometimes more effective. Most of the regimens studied for efficacy relied on a combination of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Efavirenz was the most commonly-used NNRTI, and it was used in combination with lamuvidine or emtricitabine, plus didanosine, abacavir or tenofovir DF. In regimens that replaced efavirenz with once-daily protease inhibitors, those with atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir were similarly efficacious as either once-daily or twice-daily regimens. In terms of adherence to specific regimens, reviewed studies showed that once-daily HAART regimens were often superior and were at least non-inferior to twice-daily regimens, with no significant decrease in efficacy. In conclusion, once-daily HAART regimens have been validated in clinical trials as safely used, well tolerated and effective. Such regimens are likely to improve patient adherence because they are simpler and more convenient than earlier therapeutic regimens.
Similar articles
-
Atazanavir plus ritonavir or efavirenz as part of a 3-drug regimen for initial treatment of HIV-1.Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 5;154(7):445-56. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-7-201104050-00316. Epub 2011 Feb 14. Ann Intern Med. 2011. PMID: 21320923 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Fixed-dose combination dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine versus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in previously untreated women with HIV-1 infection (ARIA): week 48 results from a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3b study.Lancet HIV. 2017 Dec;4(12):e536-e546. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30095-4. Epub 2017 Jul 17. Lancet HIV. 2017. PMID: 28729158 Clinical Trial.
-
Recent availability of two novel, fixed formulations of antiretroviral nucleoside analogues: a 12-month prospective, open-label survey of their practical use and therapeutic perspectives in antiretroviral-naive and -experienced patients.AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008 Apr;22(4):279-90. doi: 10.1089/apc.2007.0141. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008. PMID: 18290748 Clinical Trial.
-
Anti-HIV drugs.Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2007;69(2):81-104. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2007. PMID: 17550060 Review.
-
Amprenavir or fosamprenavir plus ritonavir in HIV infection: pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability profile.Drugs. 2005;65(5):633-59. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200565050-00005. Drugs. 2005. PMID: 15748098 Review.
Cited by
-
Antiretroviral therapy for treatment-naïve patients: a review of recent literature and the updated guidelines.Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009 Jul;11(4):311-8. doi: 10.1007/s11908-009-0046-y. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009. PMID: 19545501
-
A novel polymorphism in ABCB1 gene, CYP2B6*6 and sex predict single-dose efavirenz population pharmacokinetics in Ugandans.Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;68(5):690-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03516.x. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009. PMID: 19916993 Free PMC article.
-
Pharmacokinetic study of once-daily versus twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in HIV type-1-infected children aged 3-<36 months.Antivir Ther. 2010;15(3):297-305. doi: 10.3851/IMP1532. Antivir Ther. 2010. PMID: 20516550 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Short communication: fasting increases serum concentrations of bilirubin in patients receiving atazanavir: results from a pilot study.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Mar;29(3):456-60. doi: 10.1089/aid.2012.0232. Epub 2012 Oct 31. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013. PMID: 23113663 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Reassuring Birth Outcomes With Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz Used for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Botswana.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Apr 1;71(4):428-36. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000847. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016. PMID: 26379069 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous