Does traumatic brain injury predispose individuals to develop schizophrenia?

Abstract

Purpose of review: Psychosis following traumatic brain injury has been studied in both prospective and retrospective studies that have been frequently limited by unclear criteria for classifying psychiatric syndromes or case ascertainment bias regarding traumatic brain injury. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder commonly attributed to the interaction of genetic vulnerability and environmental events, yet its relationship with traumatic brain injury has not been systematically reviewed.

Recent findings: The literature is not conclusive and highlights the challenges to observational research in conditions in which case ascertainment is difficult. The evidence supports a risk-modifying effect of traumatic brain injury in individuals who are genetically at risk for schizophrenia, but is less supportive of traumatic brain injury as an independent risk factor for schizophrenia in individuals without such risk.

Summary: Research in psychotic disorders following traumatic brain injury must distinguish schizophrenia from other psychotic syndromes, and take familial risk factors into consideration.