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. 2008 Apr;4(4):421-6.
doi: 10.1002/smll.200700903.

Light-activated nanoimpeller-controlled drug release in cancer cells

Jie Lu  1 , Eunshil Choi, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Jeffrey I Zink
Affiliations

Light-activated nanoimpeller-controlled drug release in cancer cells

Jie Lu et al. Small. 2008 Apr.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characterization of the surfactant-extracted LAMS particles. A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and B) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the particles. Right: magnified portion of the TEM image.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time-dependent release of Rhodamine B dye from the photoexcited particles into water. The arrow indicates the time at which the azobenzene activation light was turned on.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Confocal microscopy images of the photocontrolled staining of the nuclei of PANC-1 cancer cells. Plasma-membrane-impermeable propidium iodide (PI) molecules were loaded in the pores of LAMS and the dye-loaded particles were incubated with the cells for 3 h in the dark. The cells were then exposed to the activation beam for 1 to −5 min. After further incubation in the dark for 10 min, the cells were examined with confocal microscopy (λex=337 nm) A) Cells incubated with the PI-loaded LAMS and illuminated for 0 (a), 1 (b), 3 (c), or 5 min (f) under a constant ≈0.2 W cm−2, 413 nm light or with different light intensities (≈0.01 (d) or ≈0.1 W cm−2 (e) for 5 min with a 413 nm light). B) PANC-1 cells incubated with the PI-loaded LAMS (g), free PI molecules (h), or empty LAMS (i) were kept in the dark and exposed to a 413 nm light. C) Cells incubated with the PI-loaded LAMS were illuminated with ≈0.2 W cm−2, 676 nm light for 0 (j), 1 (k), or 5 min (l). Scale bar: 30 µm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Light-triggered delivery of the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) inside PANC-1 cancer cells to induce apoptosis. CPT molecules were loaded into the pores of the LAMS and a homogeneous suspension of the CPT-loaded particles (10 µg mL−1) was added to the cells that were incubated in Lab-Tek chamber slides for 3 h in dark. The cells were then irradiated under ≈0.1 W cm−2, 413 nm light for 1 to 10 min, again incubated in the dark for 48 h, and double-stained with propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342 solution (1:1). A) CPT-loaded particles were incubated with cancer cells and illuminated for 1 (a), 3 (b), 5 (c), or 10 min (d–f). B) As a control, cells (with no particles) were exposed to the light for 10 min (g), and cells including the CPT-unloaded LAMS were exposed for 5 (h) or 10 min (i). C) Untreated cells (j), cells incubated with CPT-unloaded (k) or -loaded (l) LAMS were kept in the dark for 48 h. Scale bar: 30 µm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
In vitro cytotoxicity assay. 5000 PANC-1 or SW480 cancer cells were incubated with different concentrations of CPT-loaded or unloaded particles in 96-well cell-culture plates. After incubation for 72 h following the light excitation, the numbers of surviving cells were counted using the cell counting kit. The viability is shown as the percentage of the viable cell number in treated wells compared to untreated wells. All experiments were performed in triplicate, and the results are shown as the mean ± SD. Here, LAMS refers to cells treated with 10 or 100 µgmL−1 LAMS. CPT refers to whether the CPT was loaded (+) or absent (−) in the LAMS. Light refers to whether the cells were exposed to blue light (wavelength 413 nm) for 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10 min, followed by incubation for 72 h.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Designed pore interiors of the light-activated mesostructured silica (LAMS) nanoparticles functionalized with azobenzene derivatives. Continuous illumination at 413 nm causes a constant trans–cis photoisomerization about the N=N bond causing dynamic wagging motion of the azobenzene derivatives and results in the release of the molecules through and out of the mesopores.
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