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Review
. 2008 Jun;8(6):369-78.
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70069-0. Epub 2008 Apr 2.

Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission

Simon I Hay  1 , David L Smith, Robert W Snow
Affiliations
Review

Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission

Simon I Hay et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Jun.

Abstract

The quantification of malaria transmission for the classification of malaria risk has long been a concern for epidemiologists. During the era of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme, measurements of malaria endemicity were institutionalised by their incorporation into rules outlining defined action points for malaria control programmes. We review the historical development of these indices and their contemporary relevance. This is at a time when many malaria-endemic countries are scaling-up their malaria control activities and reconsidering their prospects for elimination. These considerations are also important to an international community that has recently been challenged to revaluate the prospects for malaria eradication.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Malaria endemicity and classification, and timelines for action phases of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme The scheme derives details of the phase, approximate timings, action stage, and activity of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme, , , and integrates these with malaria endemicity classifications defined by the host prevalence,, vector stability indices, and the basic reproductive number (see webappendix). The year row presents an estimate of the duration of each phase (optimistic scenario–pessimistic scenario). API=annual parasite incidence. IRS=indoor residual spraying. PR=parasite rate. R0=basic reproductive number. RxCQ=radical treatment with chloroquine. *See table for parasitological criteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Malaria endemicity and classification, and the mapping criteria of the Malaria Atlas Project The PfR0 (P falciparum basic reproductive number) values are calculated using the RM (Ross-Macdonald) and Smith transmission models (see webappendix for full details). IRS=indoor residual spraying. IPT=intermittent preventive therapy. ITN=insecticide-treated net. PfAPI=P falciparum annual parasite incidence. PfPR=P falciparum parasite rate. RxACT=radical treatment with artemisinin-combination therapy.
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