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. 2008:2008:328597.
doi: 10.1155/2008/328597.

Feasibility Study and Design of a Wearable System-on-a-Chip Pulse Radar for Contactless Cardiopulmonary Monitoring

Domenico Zito  1 , Domenico Pepe, Bruno Neri, Fabio Zito, Danilo De Rossi, Antonio Lanatà
Affiliations

Feasibility Study and Design of a Wearable System-on-a-Chip Pulse Radar for Contactless Cardiopulmonary Monitoring

Domenico Zito et al. Int J Telemed Appl. 2008.

Abstract

A new system-on-a-chip radar sensor for next-generation wearable wireless interface applied to the human health care and safeguard is presented. The system overview is provided and the feasibility study of the radar sensor is presented. In detail, the overall system consists of a radar sensor for detecting the heart and breath rates and a low-power IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee radio interface, which provides a wireless data link with remote data acquisition and control units. In particular, the pulse radar exploits 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband signals which allow a significant reduction of the transceiver complexity and then of its power consumption. The operating principle of the radar for the cardiopulmonary monitoring is highlighted and the results of the system analysis are reported. Moreover, the results obtained from the building-blocks design, the channel measurement, and the ultra-wideband antenna realization are reported.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wearable wireless interface for the heart monitoring: system idea.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prototype of the inner garment in which the wearable wireless interface for the detection of the heart and breath rates will be included. In detail, the sensor will be placed around the circled area.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Future perspective: integration on a single silicon chip of the overall wearable wireless interface on a single silicon chip.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Block diagram of the proposed fully integrated UWB radar for the detection of heart and breath rates.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Channel loss versus frequency predicted by the near-field-based model.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Power spectral density (PSD) of a pulse sequence with PRF equal to 1 MHz versus frequency.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Gaussian monocycle pulse and pulse at the output of the antenna.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Voltage signal at the input of the LNA, including the noise contributions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Voltage at the output of the integrator. The output signal has the same frequency of the movement imposed for the heart wall. A time-varying surface with a period of 20 milliseconds has been considered for the simulation (this period is short with respect to the real heart moving, in order to reduce the simulation time. This does not impair the analysis since the radar reaches widely the steady state within ten milliseconds).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Antenna prototype for the channel model verification.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Setup for the channel-loss measurement, setup between the front and the back of a human chest.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Measurement results of the intrabody channel loss.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Prototype of UWB antenna realized.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Simulated (blue) and measured (red) S11 parameters of the UWB antenna of Figure 13.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. New public safety applications and broadband internet access among uses envisioned by fcc authorization of ultra-wideband technology. Federal Communications Commission, 2002, http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/ News_Releases/2002/nr....
    1. 47 cfr part 15. Federal Communications Commission, 2002, http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/rules.
    1. Zito D, Pepe D, Neri B, De Rossi D, Lanatá A. Wearable system-on-a-chip pulse radar sensors for the health care: System overview. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW '07), vol. 1; 2007; Niagara Falls, Canada. May, 766 pp.769 pp.
    1. Klemm M, Troester G. Textile uwb antennas for wireless body area networks. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation. 2006;54(11)
    1. Staderini EM. UWB radars in medicine. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. 2002;17(1)

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