Response pattern asymmetry of binocular vision vertical fusion amplitudes in a normal population

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the maximum vertical fusion amplitudes in vertical directions (response pattern by respective higher eye), to investigate for possible asymmetry.

Methods: Vertical fusion amplitude (VFA) was measured in one hundred normal adults with normal single binocular vision using a computer based device that produced a gradually increasing, but optically distant test distance, Vertical fusion amplitudes in the vertical left- over-right (L/R, elevation of the left eye above the right eye) pattern direction were compared to the vertical fusion amplitudes in the vertical right-over-left direction pattern(R/L).

Results: The mean VFA was 4.08 +/-1.01 prism diopters, with vertical fusion amplitudes of 4.40 +/-1.44 prism diopters in the L/R direction and 3.75 +/-1.19 prism diopters in the R/L direction. There was no association between ocular dominance and the direction of greater VFA. Asymmetry in the vertical fusion response was found, with 77/100 subjects showing greater than a 10% difference between the means of the L/R and R/L measurements. The group with asymmetry had 17% greater mean VFA than the symmetric group.

Conclusion: Normal adults frequently have asymmetric directional vertical fusion amplitudes. The asymmetry appears to be due to the contribution of the direction with the greater VFA, rather than the result of both alternatives. These results are intriguing and bear further investigation. Possible explanations my be asymmetry of orbital anatomy or functional asymmetry of either muscular or neuronal origin. They do not appear to be due to the relative ocular dominance. Inherent VFA asymmetry should therefore be considered in all forms of vergence testing in the vertical direction.