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Review
. 2008 Jul;7(7):1075-84.
doi: 10.1128/EC.00062-08. Epub 2008 May 2.

Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Candida species

Frank C Odds  1 , Mette D Jacobsen
Affiliations
Review

Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Candida species

Frank C Odds et al. Eukaryot Cell. 2008 Jul.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Sequencing chromatograms for bases 2 to 13 in the ACC1 fragment of C. albicans, indicating heterozygosity. For each isolate the forward and reverse chromatograms are shown. For isolates A and B, position 8 would be read as heterozygous AG, even though the A and G peaks coincide perfectly only in one of the four sets. For isolate C, the very small A peak at position 8 would be read as noise, by comparison with adjacent bases, and the result read as homozygous G for MLST purposes.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Rates of acquisition of new genotypes and new DSTs for C. albicans MLST. (a) As the number of sequenced isolates increases, the rate of discovery of new genotypes falls off fairly rapidly (pink, VPS13; green, ZWF1b; brown, SYA1; black, AAT1a; blue, ADP1; red, PMIb; yellow, ACC1). (b) The rate of acquisition of new DSTs falls off much more slowly, reflecting the high discriminatory power of the method.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Computer printouts of eBURST snapshots for 1,564 isolates of C. albicans (a), 126 isolates of C. krusei (b), and 242 isolates of C. tropicalis (c). In each snapshot, lines join pairs of isolates that show sequence differences in only one of the panel of genes used for MLST. The positions of the clonal clusters and singletons and the lengths of lines are without relevance. For all three species, the snapshots indicate several clusters of related strains but also a high proportion of singletons, indicative of a high rate of recombination relative to mutation (70).
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Enlarged view of the clustering of 462 isolates in C. albicans clade 1 as defined by a UPGMA dendrogram drawn for 1,433 isolates currently in our database. Two eBURST clonal clusters that constitute the majority of clade 1 isolates are indicated; the second cluster is heavily enriched with isolates from southeast Asia.
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