[Is there a drug therapy for age-related macular degeneration?--current status and new therapeutic approaches]

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of legal blindness in society today. In dry AMD age-related changes in Bruch's membrane and RPE result in the accumulation of cell debris with consequent degeneration. In the less common but more aggressive form, wet AMD, hypoxia and inflammation lead to an up-regulation of different growth factors such as VEGF resulting in formation of choroidal neovascularisation. Different therapeutic modalities have evolved to address this problem. Examples are photodynamic therapy to eradicate choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) via a physiochemical reaction or intravitreal application of anti-VEGF agents to stop leakage of fluid from the same CNV. The overall results have been either disappointing or not practical because of the necessity of chronic treatment. The treatment goal continues to evolve to that already realised in oncology which is for a cure. This mandates the investigation of combination strategies. Combination strategies should focus on utilising the differing mechanisms of action on the pathogenesis of the disease all the while minimising the side effects of the individual therapeutic agents.