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. 2007 Jul;10(2):140-3.

Surgery through the keyhole: a new view of an old art

Gerald M Fried  1 , Heather Gill
Affiliations

Surgery through the keyhole: a new view of an old art

Gerald M Fried et al. Mcgill J Med. 2007 Jul.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Minimally Invasive Surgery: The surgeon is manipulating instruments placed through ports (trocars) in the abdominal wall. The internal organs and instrument tips cannot be seen directly, but can be viewed on a monitor that displays the video image created by an endoscopic camera.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Fulcrum Effect: The MIS instrument is inserted into the abdomen through a trocar. The trocar allows instruments to be inserted and withdrawn through a valve so that the positive intra-abdominal pressure can be maintained. To make the instrument tip go in one direction the handle of the instrument must be directed in the mirror-image direction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Fried GM, Ferri LE. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In: Soper NJ, Swanstrom LEL, Eubanks WS, editors. Mastery of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
    1. Fried GM, Klassen DR, Feldman LS. Cholecystectomy and Common Bile Duct Exploration. In: Souba WW, Fink MP, Jurkovich GJ, et al., editors. ACS Surgery Online. New York: WebMD Inc; 2005. Website: http://www.acssurgery.com/
    1. Bergman S, Feldman LS, et al. “First do no harm.”-Monitoring outcomes during the transition from open to laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy. Canadian Journal of Surgery. 2005;48:S19–20. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fried GM. Lessons from the Surgical Experience with Simulators: Incorporation into Training and Utilization in Determining Competency. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America. 2006;16:425–434. - PubMed
    1. Swanstrom LL, Fried GM, Hoffman KI, et al. Beta test results of a new system assessing competence in laparoscopic surgery. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2006;202:62–9. - PubMed

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