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Comparative Study
. 2008 Jun 5:8:169.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-169.

Phylogenetic studies of the genus Cebus (Cebidae-Primates) using chromosome painting and G-banding

P J S Amaral  1 , L F M Finotelo, E H C De Oliveira, A Pissinatti, C Y Nagamachi, J C Pieczarka
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Phylogenetic studies of the genus Cebus (Cebidae-Primates) using chromosome painting and G-banding

P J S Amaral et al. BMC Evol Biol. .

Abstract

Background: Chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and Saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus Cebus, including C. olivaceus, C. albifrons, C. apella robustus and C. apella paraguayanus. Cytogenetic studies suggested that the species of this genus have conservative karyotypes, with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 52 to 2n = 54.

Results: Banding studies revealed morphological divergence among some chromosomes, owing to variations in the size of heterochromatic blocks. This analysis demonstrated that Cebus species have five conserved human associations (i.e., 5/7, 2/16, 10/16, 14/15, 8/18 and 3/21) when compared with the putative ancestral Platyrrhini karyotype.

Conclusion: The autapomorphies 8/15/8 in C. albifrons and 12/15 in C. olivaceus explain the changes in chromosome number from 54 to 52. The association 5/16/7, which has not previously been reported in Platyrrhini, was also found in C. olivaceus. These data corroborate previous FISH results, suggesting that the genus Cebus has a very similar karyotype to the putative ancestral Platyrrhini.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative multi-color FISH experiments using human (HSA), S. oedipus (SOE) and painting probe sets to (A-1; A-2; A-3) C.a. paraguayanus, (B-1; B-2; B-3) C.a. robustus, (C-1; C-2; C-3) C. albifrons, and (D-1 to D-8) C. olivaceus metaphases. Respective probe compositions and false color assignments are given beside each metaphase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of G-banding patterns observed between taxa of the genus Cebus, showing homologies found in CAPp = C. a. paraguayanus; CAPr = C. a. robustus; CAL = C. albifrons e CGR = C. olivaceus. A, pericentric inversion; B, paracentric inversion; C, centric fusion/fission; D, amplification or deletion of the heterochromatic block.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Map of human chromosomes (blue, right side) and S. oedipus (red, left side) in the G-banded karyotypes of C.a. paraguayanus (A), C.a. robustus (B), C. albifrons (C) and the human probes in C. olivaceus (D). Some syntenic groups have a small letter (e.g., a, b or c), according to the pattern established by Neusser et al. (2001). Groups without this letter correspond to whole chromosomes or chromosome segments that differed from those described by Neusser et al.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cladogram obtained from an analysis of chromosome painting and G-banding data in Cebus taxa, with 62 steps consistency index (CI) = 0.968, retention index (RI) = 0.926 and homoplasy index (HI) = 0.032.S. sciureus and C. jacchus were outgroups.
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References

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