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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2008 Oct;153(4):525-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.033. Epub 2008 Jun 4.

One-year respiratory outcomes of preterm infants enrolled in the Nitric Oxide (to prevent) Chronic Lung Disease trial

Anna Maria Hibbs  1 , Michele C Walsh, Richard J Martin, William E Truog, Scott A Lorch, Evaline Alessandrini, Avital Cnaan, Lisa Palermo, Sandra R Wadlinger, Christine E Coburn, Philip L Ballard, Roberta A Ballard
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

One-year respiratory outcomes of preterm infants enrolled in the Nitric Oxide (to prevent) Chronic Lung Disease trial

Anna Maria Hibbs et al. J Pediatr. 2008 Oct.

Abstract

Objective: To identify whether inhaled nitric oxide treatment decreased indicators of long-term pulmonary morbidities after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study design: The Nitric Oxide (to Prevent) Chronic Lung Disease trial enrolled preterm infants (<1250 g) between 7 to 21 days of age who were ventilated and at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Follow-up occurred at 12 +/- 3 months of age adjusted for prematurity; long-term pulmonary morbidity and other outcomes were reported by parents during structured blinded interviews.

Results: A total of 456 infants (85%) were seen at 1 year. Compared with control infants, infants randomized to inhaled nitric oxide received significantly less bronchodilators (odds ratio [OR] 0.53 [95% confidence interval 0.36-0.78]), inhaled steroids (OR 0.50 [0.32-0.77]), systemic steroids (OR 0.56 [0.32-0.97]), diuretics (OR 0.54 [0.34-0.85]), and supplemental oxygen (OR 0.65 [0.44-0.95]) after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. There were no significant differences between parental report of rehospitalizations (OR 0.83 [0.57-1.21]) or wheezing or whistling in the chest (OR 0.70 [0.48-1.03]).

Conclusions: Infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide received fewer outpatient respiratory medications than the control group. However, any decision to institute routine use of this dosing regimen should also take into account the results of the 24-month neurodevelopmental assessment.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Follow-Up Status of Infants Enrolled in the NO CLD Trial
Overall eligibility and enrollment data previously reported.13
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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