[Immunohistochemical study of calretinin in normal hair follicles and tumors with follicular differentiation]

Abstract

Background: Selective immunostaining for calretinin labels the innermost layer of the outer root sheath of normal hair follicles, which is difficult to distinguish with hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether immunohistochemistry for calretinin allows identification of cutaneous adnexal tumors with follicular differentiation towards cells of the outer root sheath.

Material and methods: We analyzed the staining pattern for calretinin by immunohistochemistry in 49 biopsies of cutaneous adnexal tumors with follicular differentiation.

Results: Fifteen biopsies corresponded to trichilemmomas/inverted follicular keratosis and had staining for calretinin in the epithelium of the most superficial areas of the lesions and in squamous eddies. Ten were trichilemmal cysts, which displayed staining of the cyst wall. Three were basal cell carcinomas with variable staining according to the type of follicular differentiation in each variant. One was a panfolliculoma that had focal staining. Two were folliculosebaceous cystic hamartomas with staining of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands. Two pilomatricomas and 3 proliferative trichilemmal tumors had positive staining in the cellular layers close to the lumen of the cystic structures. Nine trichoblastomas/trichoepitheliomas, 2 infundibular cysts, 1 dilated pore of Winer, and 2 acanthomas of the follicular sheath were negative for calretinin.

Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry for calretinin allows identification of cutaneous adnexal tumors of the hair follicle or a component of the follicle with differentiation towards cells of the outer root sheath.