Influence of functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites

Abstract

Commercially available multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were chemically modified by amine, acid and silane and their ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) based nanocomposites were prepared. Unmodified and modified nanotubes were characterized by thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Early degradation of modified nanotubes from the thermogravimetry study proved the presence of functional groups on nanotube surface. Increase in D-band to G-band ratio and a shift in radial breathing mode peaks from the Raman spectra indicated the generation of surface defects due to functionalization and variation in van der Waals force of attraction between nanotube aggregates on modification. The unmodified nanotubes improved the tensile strength by 30% with 4 weight% of filler. Amine modification imparted further increase in strength due to the presence of functional groups on the nanotube surface and the subsequent better dispersion of the nanotubes in the polymer matrix. The silane treatment imparted maximum improvement in various properties of the nanocomposites. The nanotubes provided better thermal degradation stability and also higher thermal conductivity to virgin EVA. The results were well supported by the morphological as well as swelling study of the various samples.