Local effects and mechanisms of antiarrhythmic peptide AAP10 in acute regional myocardial ischemia: electrophysiological and molecular findings

Abstract

Previously, it was shown that antiarrhythmic peptides and our lead substance AAP10 enhance electrical intercellular communication via gap junctions. Now, we wanted to elucidate whether AAP10 acts preferably in the ischemic area and the molecular mechanism of this peptide. Seventeen rabbit hearts were isolated, perfused according to Langendorff, and submitted to 30-min local ischemia by LAD occlusion with/without AAP10 (50 nM). Electrophysiology was assessed by 256 channel epicardial mapping. Finally, the ischemic zone, border zone, and non-ischemic zone were excised, and the cardiac gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43), its phosphorylation state, and the distribution at the polar and lateral membrane of cardiomyocytes were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Ischemia led to a decrease in activation recovery interval (ARI) homogeneity, which could be completely prevented by AAP10. Moreover, ischemia-induced activation wave slowing in the ischemic border zone was antagonized by AAP10. In ischemic center and border zone, but not in the non-ischemic area, (phospho-Cx43/dephospho-Cx43)-ratio decreased. This was also significantly antagonized by AAP10. Serine 368 was identified as one phosphorylation site for the activity of AAP10. In the non-ischemic area, AAP10 had no influence on Cx43 phosphorylation state. Interestingly, ischemia led to a loss of Cx43 from the cell poles and lateral sides in the ischemic area and border zone. AAP10 completely prevented the ischemia-induced decrease in polar Cx43 presence. In the ischemic area, AAP10 prevents from ischemia-induced Cx43 dephosphorylation and loss of Cx43 from the gap junction at cell poles and in parallel prevents the decrease in ARI homogeneity and attenuates ischemia-induced slowing of activation wave propagation. The AAP10 action seems confined to the ischemic area.