Fidelity and evolution of recurrent FSGS in renal allografts

Abstract

Five pathologic variants of FSGS were recently defined ("Columbia classification"), but the stability of these phenotypes in renal allografts remains unknown. We hypothesized that if the variants represent distinct diseases, then the pattern of recurrent FSGS in renal allografts will mimic the original disease in the native kidney. This multicenter study included 21 cases of recurrent FSGS from 19 patients who had both native and transplant biopsy samples available for analysis. These results support the Columbia classification, because 81% recurred in the same pattern as the original disease, but three variants manifested plasticity from native to allograft kidneys or in the pattern of recurrence (four FSGS, not otherwise specified [NOS] to collapsing variant, two collapsing variant to FSGS NOS, and one cellular variant to FSGS NOS). No transitions between the cellular and the collapsing variants were observed, supporting the view that these are separate entities. Three categories of recurrence were observed: Type I, recurrence of the same variant of FSGS; type II, recurrence of the same FSGS variant, preceded by a minimal change-like lesion; and type III, recurrence of a different FSGS variant in the allograft. Thus, potential evolution of the pathologic phenotype should be considered in pathologic interpretation and clinical trials.

Figure 1.

Representative histologic pictures of renal biopsies of patient 11. Both in native and transplant kidney, minimal change–like lesions are present in the first biopsy, followed by development of collapsing FSGS at a later time point. (A) Minimal change–like lesion in native kidney. (B) Collapsing FSGS in nephrectomy of native kidney. (C) Minimal change–like lesion a few days after renal transplantation. (D) Collapsing FSGS in renal allograft nephrectomy.

Figure 2.

FSGS variants in patients’ native and transplant kidneys. For each patient, the FSGS variant and time to biopsy after transplantation are shown.