Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2008;31(2):166-70.
doi: 10.1080/10790268.2008.11760707.

Reliability and repeatability of the motor and sensory examination of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury

Affiliations

Reliability and repeatability of the motor and sensory examination of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury

Ralph J Marino et al. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the reliability and repeatability of the motor and sensory examination of the International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in trained examiners.

Participants/methods: Sixteen examiners (8 physicians, 8 physical therapists) with clinical SCI experience and 16 patients participated in a reliability study in preparation for a clinical trial involving individuals with acute SCI. After a training session on the standards, each examiner evaluated 3 patients for motor, light touch (LT), and pin prick (PP). The following day, 15 examiners reevaluated one patient. Interrater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (1-way, random effects model). Intrarater reliability was determined using a 2-way random effects model. Repeatability was determined using the method of Bland and Altman.

Results: Patients were classified as complete tetraplegia (n = 5), incomplete tetraplegia (n = 5), complete paraplegia (n = 5), and incomplete paraplegia (n = 1). Overall, inter-rater reliability was high: motor = 0.97, LT = 0.96, PP = 0.88. Repeatability values were small in patients with complete SCI (motor < 2 points, sensory < 7 points) but large for patients with incomplete SCI. Intra-rater reliability values were > or = 0.98 for patients with complete SCI.

Conclusions: The summed scores for motor, LT, and PP in subjects with complete SCI have high inter-rater reliability and small repeatability values. These measures are appropriately reliable for use in clinical trials involving serial neurological examinations with multiple examiners. Further research in subjects with incomplete SCI is needed to determine whether repeatability is acceptably small.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2002. Revised 2000, reprinted 2002.
    1. Cohen ME, Bartko JJ. Reliability of ISCSCI-92 for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. In: Ditunno JF, Donovan WH, Maynard FM, editors. Reference Manual for the International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Atlanta, GA: American Spinal Injury Association; 1994. pp. 59–66.
    1. Jonsson M, Tollback A, Gonzales H, Borg J. Inter-rater reliability of the 1992 international standards for neurological and functional classification of incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2000;38:675–679. - PubMed
    1. American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 1992. Revised 1992. - PubMed
    1. American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 1996. Revised 1996.

Publication types

MeSH terms