Vertebrobasilar ischemia after cervical spine manipulation: a case report

Abstract

Introduction: The most serious accidents after cervical spine manipulation are vertebrobasilar ischemia. Their incidence is underestimated. Their risk of apparition is lower if the contraindications are respected and if they are realised according to suitable practice.

Case report: Mrs B, 39 years old, was an active smoker and had migraine for 10 years ago. One day, she presented an unusual headache associated with neck pain that was treated by a cervical spine manipulation. Seven hours after, she developed an alternate syndrome with a right sensory motor defect, a cerebellar syndrome, a pyramidal syndrome and a left defect of cranial nerves. The arteriography showed a thrombosis of the basilar trunk and a dissection of the left vertebral artery. A thrombolysis "in situ" was realized six hours and a half after the onset of the neurological defects. After eight months of rehabilitation, there were still a paralysis of the right upper limb, of the cranial nerves and a cerebellar syndrome but the patient was able to walk with two crutches and can eat by herself.

Discussion: Several risk factors were present in this case and there was also a major contraindication to manipulations: unusual acute occipital headache. Given the long period between the onset of neurological symptoms and the confirmation of the diagnosis, intravenous thrombolysis could not be done. Unfortunately, after eight months, important neurological sequels persisted. In order to avoid this type of accident after cervical manipulations, it is necessary to realize a strict medical examination and to implement the recommendations from the French society of manual and orthopaedic osteopathic medicine (Société française de médecine manuelle orthopédique et ostéopathique [SOFMMOO]).