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Comparative Study
. 2008 Jul 15;118(3):277-83.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739920. Epub 2008 Jun 30.

Cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jeffrey B Schwimmer  1 , Perrie E Pardee, Joel E Lavine, Aaron K Blumkin, Stephen Cook
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jeffrey B Schwimmer et al. Circulation. .

Abstract

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver disease in children, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors in children is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the association between NAFLD and the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children.

Methods and results: This case-control study of 150 overweight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 150 overweight children without NAFLD compared rates of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Cases and controls were well matched in age, sex, and severity of obesity. Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure than overweight and obese children without NAFLD. Subjects with NAFLD also had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than controls. After adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and hyperinsulinemia, children with metabolic syndrome had 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 9.7) times the odds of having NAFLD as overweight and obese children without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions: NAFLD in overweight and obese children is strongly associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The identification of NAFLD in a child should prompt global counseling to address nutrition, physical activity, and avoidance of smoking to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of BMI z score among obese youth with and without NAFLD. Lines and box represent the medians and interquartile ranges.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of waist circumference among obese youth with and without NAFLD. Lines and boxes represent the median and interquartile ranges.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of features of metabolic syndrome in obese youth with and without NAFLD. Children with NAFLD have significantly (P<0.001) more features.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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