Sex differences in parent and child pain ratings during an experimental child pain task
- PMID: 18592059
- PMCID: PMC2671311
- DOI: 10.1155/2008/457861
Sex differences in parent and child pain ratings during an experimental child pain task
Abstract
Research in the field of pediatric pain has largely ignored the role of fathers in their children's pain experiences. The first objective of the present study was to examine the effect of the presence of mothers versus fathers on children's subjective ratings, facial expressions and physiological responses to acute pain. The second objective was to examine whether child and parent sex influence parents' proxy ratings of their children's pain. The final objective was to compare levels of agreement between mothers' and fathers' assessments of their children's pain. Participants included 73 children (37 boys, 36 girls), four to 12 years of age, along with 32 fathers and 41 mothers. Children undertook the cold pressor pain task while observed by one of their parents. During the task, the children's heart rates and facial expressions were recorded. Children provided self-reports and parents provided proxy reports of child pain intensity using the seven-point Faces Pain Scale. Neither child nor parent sex had a significant impact on children's subjective reports, facial expressions or heart rates in response to acute pain. Fathers gave their sons higher pain ratings than their daughters, whereas mothers' ratings of their sons' and daughters' pain did not differ. Kappa statistics and t tests revealed that fathers tended to be more accurate judges of their children's pain than mothers. Overall, this research highlights the importance of examining both parent and child sex differences in pediatric pain research.
Les recherches dans le domaine de la douleur pédiatrique ont largement fait abstraction du rôle des pères dans les expériences de douleur de leurs enfants. Le premier objectif de la présente étude consistait à examiner l’effet de la présence des mères par rapport aux pères sur les évaluations subjectives, les expressions faciales et les réponses physiologiques des enfants à la douleur aiguë. Le deuxième objectif consistait à examiner si le sexe de l’enfant et du parent influe sur les évaluations indirectes de la douleur de leurs enfants par les parents. Le dernier objectif consistait à comparer les taux de concordance entre les évaluations de la douleur de leurs enfants par les pères et les mères. Les participants se composaient de 73 enfants (37 garçons, 36 filles) de quatre à 12 ans, de 32 pères et de 41 mères. Les enfants ont entrepris une tâche douloureuse de pression à froid sous l’observation de l’un de leurs parents. Pendant la tâche, les auteurs ont enregistré la fréquence cardiaque et les expressions faciales des enfants. Les enfants ont remis des autoévaluations et les parents, des rapports indirects de l’intensité de la douleur ressentie par l’enfant au moyen de l’échelle de douleur faciale en sept points. Ni le sexe de l’enfant, ni celui des parents n’avait de répercussion significative sur les déclarations subjectives des enfants, leur expression faciale ou leur fréquence cardiaque en réponse à une douleur aiguë. Les pères évaluaient la douleur de leur garçon à un taux plus élevé que celle de leur fille, tandis que les mères n’évaluaient pas différemment la douleur de leur garçon ou de leur fille. L’analyse statistique Kappa et les tests t on révélé que les pères jugent avec plus d’exactitude la douleur de leurs enfants que les mères. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche fait ressortir l’importance d’examiner les différences des deux parents et de l’enfant selon le sexe dans le cadre des recherches sur la douleur pédiatrique.
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