Surgical treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms after cardiac catheterization

Abstract

Aim: To report a clinical experience about surgical treatment of iatrogenic peripheral artery pseudoaneurysms (FPA).

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 90 consecutive patients (46 males, 44 females, mean age 66.2 years, range 33-86) with FPA complicating coronary angiography or angioplasty, observed between October 1990 through June 2006.

Results: A 3 cm pseudoaneurysm or larger was confirmed by duplex ultrasound scanning in 90 out of 21 454 cardiac patients (0.42%), occurring more frequently in interventional (59/3 983) rather than diagnostic (31/17 471) procedures (1.48% vs 0.17%). The surgical treatment consisted in direct closure with polypropilene suture and occasionally, patch angioplasty or bypass. No limb loss occurred. There were 4 wound complications (4.4%), one pulmonary embolism (1.1%), 3 deaths (3.3%).

Conclusion: Classical results reported in literature demonstrate that the surgical repair of femoral pseudoaneurysms following cardiac catheterization is safe, effective and durable. In these series, although low major morbidity (1.1%) and no cases of limb loss were reported, the authors observed 3 death (4.4%), resulting from the severity of cardiac disease in 2 cases and from the vascular repair itself in one case (femoral endoarteritis). These results substantiate the common observation that patients who actually require invasive coronary diagnosis and treatment are often affected by advanced cardiovascular disease and suffer the occurrence of complications, having a high risk of death. Therefore, any surgical treatment should be performed with strict adherence to sound vascular surgical principles.