Viral studies in burkitt lymphoma: association with Epstein-Barr virus but not HHV-8

Abstract

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, composed of a monomorphic population of medium-sized B cells with a high proliferation rate and a consistent MYC translocation. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with BL with different frequencies depending on the clinical variant. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), infects a wide range of normal cells, having a well-established role in the pathogenesis of various neoplasms, including Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and MCD-associated plasmablastic lymphoma. In secondary immunodeficiencies, such as HIV-1 infection and organ transplantation, HHV-8 is considered an opportunistic pathogen linked to the development of lymphomas in patients with AIDS and HIV + patients. We studied the association of EBV and HHV-8 by immunohistochemical analysis, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction in a large number of well-characterized BLs. EBV was present in 45.0% of all BL cases with higher incidence in the pediatric group; most cases were EBV type A. We found no association of BL with HHV-8 in EBV + BL or in EBV-cases, including the HIV + BL group.

Image 1

A, Classical Burkitt lymphoma in an HIV+ patient. Prominent starry-sky pattern (H&E, ×200). B, Negative immunodetection for human herpesvirus-8 (latent nuclear antigen [LANA]-1) (×200). C, Kaposi sarcoma (positive control sample) showing positive nuclear immunostaining for LANA (×400).

Image 2

Human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A, Size control PCR. B, HHV-8–specific PCR. C+, DNA extracted from peripheral blood; C+1, positive HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma; C+2, positive HHV-8–AIDS-related non-Burkitt lymphoma; M, DNA molecular weight marker; No, DNA absence; 1–2, HIV+ Burkitt lymphoma cases; 3–4, HIV– Burkitt lymphoma.