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Review
. 2009 Feb;24(2):109-17.
doi: 10.1002/gps.2087.

Aging of cerebral white matter: a review of MRI findings

Faith M Gunning-Dixon  1 , Adam M Brickman, Janice C Cheng, George S Alexopoulos
Affiliations
Review

Aging of cerebral white matter: a review of MRI findings

Faith M Gunning-Dixon et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Cerebral aging is a complex and heterogeneous process that is associated with a high degree of inter-individual variability. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify and quantify non-disease-related aging of the cerebral white matter.

Methods: The present article reviews the findings from several MRI techniques, including morphometric approaches, study of white matter hyperintensities, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging, that have been used to examine aging of the cerebral white matter. Furthermore, the relationship of MRI indices of white matter integrity to age-related cognitive declines is reported.

Results: A general pattern of age-related preservation and decline emerges indicating that the prefrontal white matter is most susceptible to the influence of age. Studies that combine MRI with cognitive measures suggest that such age-related reductions in white matter integrity may produce a disconnection state that underlies some of the age-related performance declines in age-sensitive cognitive domains.

Conclusions: White matter aging may contribute to a disconnection state that is associated with declines in episodic memory, executive functions, and information processing speed.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
White matter hyperintensities on a FLAIR image.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fractional anisotropy image from a diffusion tensor scan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
a. MT0 =Standard proton density sequence (measures bound + free protons) b. MTSat =Saturation pulse that nulls signal due to protons bound to macromolecules including myelin (measures free protons). c. MTR = Magnetization transfer ratio.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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