Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2008;9(7):404.
doi: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-404. Epub 2008 Jul 15.

The ethics of characterizing difference: guiding principles on using racial categories in human genetics

The ethics of characterizing difference: guiding principles on using racial categories in human genetics

Sandra Soo-Jin Lee et al. Genome Biol. 2008.

Abstract

We are a multidisciplinary group of Stanford faculty who propose ten principles to guide the use of racial and ethnic categories when characterizing group differences in research into human genetic variation.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Risch N, Burchard E, Ziv E, Tang H. Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease. Genome Biol. 2002;3:comment2007.1–2007.12. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-comment2007. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Burchard EG, Ziv E, Coyle N, Gomez SL, Tang H, Karter AJ, Mountain JL, Perez-Stable EJ, Sheppard D, Risch N. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1170–1175. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb025007. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, Feldman MW. Genetic structure of human populations. Science. 2002;298:2381–2385. doi: 10.1126/science.1078311. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wilson JF, Weale ME, Smith AC, Gratrix F, Fletcher B, Thomas MG, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. Population genetic structure of variable drug response. Nat Genet. 2001;29:265–269. doi: 10.1038/ng761. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Li JZ, Absher DM, Tang H, Southwick AM, Casto AM, Ramachandran S, Cann HM, Barsh GS, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Myers RM. Worldwide human relationships inferred from genome wide patterns of variation. Science. 2008;319:1100–1104. doi: 10.1126/science.1153717. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources