Functional outcome after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair

Abstract

Objectives: Previous reports have documented perioperative outcomes and major complications (renal failure, spinal cord ischemia, death) after repair of aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta (TAA). This study documented long-term functional outcomes after open TAA repair.

Methods: The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-Item Survey (SF-36) was administered to 134 survivors (83 men, 51 women; mean age, 69.5 years) of TAA repair at a mean follow-up from surgery of 60 +/- 38.7 months. Raw scores were compared against cohorts adjusted for age and comorbidity (cardiovascular disease). Assessed was the influence of preoperative and intraoperative factors, as well as postoperative complications on long-term quality of life (QOL).

Results: Raw scores for the eight SF-36 domains and the composite physical and mental component scores were lower (P < .01) in the TAA cohort compared with an age-adjusted reference population. Female gender and age >75 years decreased the physical functioning (P = .02) and role physical (P = .04) domains compared with male gender and patients <65 years old. Previously recognized systemic vascular disease lowered QOL in three SF-36 domains: general health (P = .013), social functioning (P = .003), and role emotional (P = .003); systemic vascular disease also showed a strong trend toward reduction in physical functioning (P = .09) compared with patients without systemic vascular disease. Neither TAA extent (I to IV) nor elective vs urgent/emergency operation influenced long-term QOL in our cohort. Patients with postoperative paraplegia, cerebrovascular accident/cardiac event, and those requiring reoperation showed lower scores in the physical functioning (P = .036), general health (P = .02), and Mental Health (P = .04) domains. Increased length of stay negatively impacted long-term QOL. The TAA cohort and the cardiovascular disease cohort had similar SF-36 scores for four domains (general health, bodily pain, vitality, and social functioning) and physical component scores. The cardiovascular disease group had higher scores in the physical functioning, role physical, role emotional, and mental health domains, and in mental component scores (P < .01).

Conclusion: Permanent loss of functional capacity, measured at a mean of 5 years postoperatively, occurs rarely in survivors of TAA repair. Further studies are needed to define the role of hybrid or endovascular strategies, including their impact on long-term functional outcome compared with open TAA repair.