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. 2008 Aug;31(8):1679-85.
doi: 10.2337/dc08-9021.

Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: a report of the task force of the foot care interest group of the American Diabetes Association, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

Andrew J M Boulton  1 , David G Armstrong, Stephen F Albert, Robert G Frykberg, Richard Hellman, M Sue Kirkman, Lawrence A Lavery, Joseph W Lemaster, Joseph L Mills Sr, Michael J Mueller, Peter Sheehan, Dane K Wukich; American Diabetes Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
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Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: a report of the task force of the foot care interest group of the American Diabetes Association, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

Andrew J M Boulton et al. Diabetes Care. 2008 Aug.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Foot deformities. These sites are frequent locations for diabetic foot ulceration. A: Claw toe deformity. Note the buckling phenomenon that causes increased pressure on the dorsal hammer digit deformity, as well as on the plantar metatarsal head. B: Bunion and overlapping toes. This deformity can lead to pressure ulceration between the digits, on the dorsal or plantar surfaces of displaced digits, and over the medial first metatarsophalangeal joint. C: A rocker-bottom deformity secondary to Charcot arthropathy can cause excessive pressure at the plantar midfoot, increasing risk for ulceration at that site.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Upper panel: For performance of the 10-g monofilament test, the device is placed perpendicular to the skin, with pressure applied until the monofilament buckles. It should be held in place for ∼1 s and then released. Lower panel: The monofilament test should be performed at the highlighted sites while the patient's eyes are closed.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Lower-extremity circulation and the ABI test. A: Anterior view, right lower limb, normal arterial anatomy. B: ABI. Place blood pressure cuff above pulse. Place Doppler probe over arterial pulse; a: posterior tibial artery, b: dorsalis pedis artery. ABI calculation: Divide ankle systolic blood pressure by brachial artery systolic blood pressure. (ABI >0.9 is normal.) Adapted from Khan et al., JAMA 295:536–546, 2006.
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