Multivariate predictors of music perception and appraisal by adult cochlear implant users

Abstract

The research examined whether performance by adult cochlear implant recipients on a variety of recognition and appraisal tests derived from real-world music could be predicted from technological, demographic, and life experience variables, as well as speech recognition scores. A representative sample of 209 adults implanted between 1985 and 2006 participated. Using multiple linear regression models and generalized linear mixed models, sets of optimal predictor variables were selected that effectively predicted performance on a test battery that assessed different aspects of music listening. These analyses established the importance of distinguishing between the accuracy of music perception and the appraisal of musical stimuli when using music listening as an index of implant success. Importantly, neither device type nor processing strategy predicted music perception or music appraisal. Speech recognition performance was not a strong predictor of music perception, and primarily predicted music perception when the test stimuli included lyrics. Additionally, limitations in the utility of speech perception in predicting musical perception and appraisal underscore the utility of music perception as an alternative outcome measure for evaluating implant outcomes. Music listening background, residual hearing (i.e., hearing aid use), cognitive factors, and some demographic factors predicted several indices of perceptual accuracy or appraisal of music.

Figure 1

Relations between dependent variables and factors related to technical differences. The arrows indicate the presence of statistically significant relations between the dependent variables and predictor variables classified as technical differences. The p value is indicated by the type of arrow. NS indicates variables are not significant.

Figure 2

Relations between dependent variables and factors related to individual differences. The arrows indicate the presence of statistically significant relations between the dependent variables and predictor variables classified as technical differences. The p value is indicated by the type of arrow. NS indicates variables are not significant.

Figure 3

Relations between dependent variables and factors related to life experiences. The arrows indicate the presence of statistically significant relations between the dependent variables and predictor variables classified as technical differences. The p value is indicated by the type of arrow. NS indicates variables are not significant.