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Comparative Study
. 2009 Apr;34(3):328-37.
doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn083. Epub 2008 Aug 1.

ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: differences in sleep problems

Susan Dickerson Mayes  1 , Susan L Calhoun, Edward O Bixler, Alexandros N Vgontzas, Fauzia Mahr, Jolene Hillwig-Garcia, Belal Elamir, Linda Edhere-Ekezie, Matthew Parvin
Affiliations
Comparative Study

ADHD subtypes and comorbid anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder: differences in sleep problems

Susan Dickerson Mayes et al. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Apr.

Abstract

Objective: Sleep problems were analyzed in children with ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder).

Methods: Scales were completed by parents of 135 control children and 681 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-C) or inattentive type (ADHD-I) with or without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, or depression.

Results: Children with ADHD-I alone had the fewest sleep problems and did not differ from controls. Children with ADHD-C had more sleep problems than controls and children with ADHD-I. Comorbid anxiety/depression increased sleep problems, whereas ODD did not. Daytime sleepiness was greatest in ADHD-I and was associated with sleeping more (not less) than normal. Medicated children had greater difficulty falling asleep than unmedicated children.

Conclusions: Differences in sleep problems were found as a function of ADHD subtype, comorbidity, and medication.

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