Ensuring the success of local public health workforce assessments: using a participatory-based research approach with a rural population

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate a process for comprehensive rural public health workforce data collection, and apply this process to a competency and training needs assessment of local health department (LHD) workers in the state of Kansas, USA.

Study design: Participatory research methods were used to determine an appropriate process for data collection. Survey instruments included the Council on Linkages public health core competencies and Columbia University public health emergency preparedness competencies.

Methods: LHD workers collaborated with the state health department to develop and pre-test training for LHD directors about the nature and purpose of the survey, as well as instructions for distributing it to their staff members. The final survey instrument included demographics, a workforce competency assessment, and an assessment of training interests, motivators and barriers. Surveys were stratified by occupational type, with employees in professional roles asked to report on additional competencies.

Results: All 1501 Kansas LHD employees received the needs assessment survey, and 1141 (76%) were returned. Respondents reported greater mean 'importance to job' than ability across competency domains, indicating potential training needs. Across occupational types, primary training motivators were increased competency and personal satisfaction. Barriers included lack of time, cost and family commitments.

Conclusions: Using participatory research methods, the state of Kansas was able to achieve a high response rate from LHD workers. This process can serve as a model for other rural communities and organizations with limited resources. In addition, the survey results provide information about competency-oriented knowledge and training gaps of sectors of the local public health workforce, which can be used to develop training in a targeted fashion.