Sensitivity and specificity of one-hour pad test as a predictive value for female urinary incontinence

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the 1-hour pad test, as suggested by the International Continence Society, in the diagnosis of female urinary incontinence.

Methods: 158 female patients, with or without urinary incontinence, underwent a 1-hour pad test. The pad test was assessed as positive or negative and pad weight was recorded. Uni- and multivariate analysis investigated correlation with age, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, prolapse grade, urinary incontinence grade and type, number of pads daily, urodynamic variables and Urogenital Distress Inventory and Incontinence Impact Quality of Life questionnaires.

Results: A positive 1-hour pad test was significantly associated with urinary incontinence grade, with a positive stress test, with detrusor overactivity (DO), urine leakage and a positive Valsalva leak point pressure at urodynamics. The association between presence/absence of incontinence and DO, stress test, urine leakage and pad weight had 83% sensitivity and 89% specificity in predicting urinary incontinence. When the 1-hour pad test result was added to stress test and urine leakage versus presence/absence of incontinence, the sensitivity was 90%, and specificity 65%.

Conclusions: Our data seem to confirm the 1-hour pad test has poor predictive value in the diagnosis of female urinary incontinence when associated to stress test and urine leakage.