Nicotine in a small-to-moderate dose does not cause a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels in newborn piglets

Abstract

Background: Nicotine has a wide range of effects. Several studies are being undertaken investigating the positive effects on inflammation and apoptosis. Recently, nicotine has been investigated in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia, where the question has been raised whether nicotine's effect on the sympathetic nervous system can explain some of the positive effects.

Objectives: We hypothesized that nicotine in small-to-moderate doses would not cause a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels, whereas a higher dose would give a significant effect, confirming the believed dose-dependent matter in which nicotine exerts its effect on the sympathetic nervous system.

Methods: Seventeen anesthetized newborn piglets were randomized to one of three doses of nicotine (130, 260 or 1,000 microg/kg/h) that was given intravenously for 1 h. Blood samples for catecholamine analyzes were drawn at baseline and at the end of the infusion. Catecholamines were determined using HPLC.

Results: No significant increase in catecholamines was detected in the animals treated with the small or moderate nicotine doses, whereas the higher dose gave a significant increase in adrenaline (p = 0.019).

Conclusion: Nicotine in small-to-moderate doses does not cause significant increase in plasma catecholamines, thus indicating that the positive effects of nicotine in studies using these doses most likely cannot be explained by the systemic release of catecholamines.