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. 2008 Oct 15;23(13):1830-6.
doi: 10.1002/mds.22097.

Ten-year rate of longitudinal change in neurocognitive and motor function in prediagnosis Huntington disease

Andrea C Solomon  1 , Julie C Stout, Marjorie Weaver, Sarah Queller, Allison Tomusk, Kathryn Burr Whitlock, Siu L Hui, Jeanine Marshall, Jacqueline Gray Jackson, Eric R Siemers, Xabier Beristain, Joanne Wojcieszek, Tatiana Foroud
Affiliations

Ten-year rate of longitudinal change in neurocognitive and motor function in prediagnosis Huntington disease

Andrea C Solomon et al. Mov Disord. .

Abstract

Longitudinal studies of neurocognitive function in prediagnosis Huntington disease (pre-HD) have been few, and duration of follow-up has been brief. In this study, 155 individuals at-risk for HD completed a battery of cognitive and motor tasks at two study visits approximately 10 years apart. Participants were classified as: (1) at-risk, without the CAG expansion (healthy controls, NC; n = 112), or (2) CAG expanded (CAG+; n = 43). To examine the rate of decline at different stages of the pre-HD period, participants in the CAG+ group were further characterized as converters (i.e., individuals who developed manifest HD over the course of the study; n = 21) or nonconverters (n = 22), and their performances were compared. The CAG+ group exhibited faster rates of neurocognitive decline over the course of the study, relative to the NC group. In addition, more rapid decline was associated with closer proximity to estimated age of disease onset in the CAG+ group. Faster rates of motor and psychomotor decline were observed in the CAG+ converter group, relative to the nonconverters. These findings suggest that neurocognitive decline in pre-HD, particularly in motor and psychomotor domains, begins insidiously and accelerates as individuals approach disease onset.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
Figure 1
Figure 1
Performance of the CAG+ group on study measures. The CAG+ converters are shown with a diamond, the CAG+ nonconverters are shown with a square. The thick black line represents the mean rate of change for the NC group (CAG-). The dashed lines represent ± 2 standard deviations of the mean for the NC group. A. Auditory Reaction Time; B. Visual Reaction Time; C. Decision Reaction Time; D. Movement Time; E. Decision Movement Time; F. Button Tapping; G. WAIS-R Arithmetic; H. WAIS-R Picture Arrangement; I. WAIS-R Digit Symbol
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