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. 2008 Sep;44(5):1298-313.
doi: 10.1037/a0012954.

Trajectories of social withdrawal from grades 1 to 6: prediction from early parenting, attachment, and temperament

Cathryn Booth-Laforce  1 , Monica L Oxford
Affiliations

Trajectories of social withdrawal from grades 1 to 6: prediction from early parenting, attachment, and temperament

Cathryn Booth-Laforce et al. Dev Psychol. 2008 Sep.

Abstract

From 1,092 children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors identified 3 trajectory patterns of social withdrawal from teacher reports in Grades 1-6: a normative consistently low group (86%), a decreasing group (5%) with initially high withdrawal that decreased, and an increasing group (9%) with initially low withdrawal that increased. Prediction models supported the role of early dysregulated temperament, insensitive parenting, and attachment. Preschool shy temperament was a specific pathway to decreasing withdrawal, and poor inhibitory control was a specific pathway to increasing withdrawal. Children on the increasing pathway were more lonely, solitary, and were excluded by peers. Results suggest differentiated pathways to varying trajectories of social withdrawal and highlight the importance of identification of longitudinal patterns in relation to risk.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Estimated means of social withdrawal from Grades 1 through 6 from the GMM analysis, for the Normative, Increasing, and Decreasing classes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Multinomial structural equation model predicting social withdrawal trajectory membership class with shyness at 54 months. The Normative class is the reference class (non-significant paths are not shown). *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multinomial structural equation model predicting social withdrawal trajectory membership class with poor inhibition at 54 months. The Normative class is the reference class (non-significant paths are not shown). *p < .05; ** p < .01; ***p < .001.
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