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. 2008 Nov 7;157(3-4):299-305.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.036. Epub 2008 Aug 5.

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil

J P Dubey  1 , G V Velmurugan, A Chockalingam, H F J Pena, L Nunes de Oliveira, C A Leifer, S M Gennari, L M G Bahia Oliveira, C Su
Affiliations

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil

J P Dubey et al. Vet Parasitol. .

Abstract

Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered clonal with very little genetic variability. Recent studies indicate that T. gondii isolates from Brazil are genetically and biologically different from T. gondii isolates from USA and Europe. In the present study, we retyped 151 free range chicken isolates from Brazil including 117 newly isolated samples from 11 geographically areas (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo, Sergipe, and Rondonia) and 34 previously reported isolates from the very north (Pará) and the very south (Rio Grande do Sul). Ten PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico were used to genotype all isolates. Overall analysis of 151 T. gondii isolates revealed 58 genotypes. Half (29/58) of these genotypes had single isolate and the other half of the genotypes were characterized with two or more isolates. Only 1 of 151 isolates was clonal Type I strain and 5 were clonal Type III strains. Two isolates had mixed infections. Clonal Type II strain was absent. One strain was Type II at all loci, except BTUB. The results confirm high genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from Brazil.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of Brazil with sources of chickens sampled.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
NeighborNet phylogenetic network of T. gondii isolates in chickens from Brazil. Isolates from different states of Brazil are color-coded for clarity. RH88, PTG, CTG, TgCgCa1 (a.k.a. Cougar1, COUGAR), MAS and TgCatBr5 are used as reference strains. Numeric number in parenthesis following each isolate’s identification number is the number of strains with the identical genotype from the same states.
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