Daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes in relation to mammographic breast density among premenopausal women in the United States

Abstract

Background: Mammographic breast density is an established marker of breast cancer risk, and is hormonally sensitive. Studies suggest that production of the daidzein metabolites equol and O-Desmethylangolensin (ODMA) may be associated with hormones and hormonally mediated factors, but few studies have assessed relationships between the capacity to produce these metabolites and breast density.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between equol- and ODMA-producer phenotypes and breast density in premenopausal women in the United States.

Design: Two hundred and three women attended a clinic visit and 200 provided a urine sample following a 3 day soy challenge. Samples were analyzed for isoflavones by GC-MS to determine daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes. Percent density on recent (<14 month prior to their clinic visit) mammograms was assessed by one reader using a computer-assisted method. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess relationships between the production of equol and ODMA and breast density. Results 55(27.5%) and 182(91%) women were classed as equol- and ODMA-producers (>87.5 ng/ml urine), respectively. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, there were no differences in breast density between producers and non-producers of either equol or ODMA (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: In this population of low-soy consuming premenopausal women, there were no associations between daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes and breast density, suggesting that these phenotypes per se do not influence premenopausal breast density.