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Meta-Analysis
. 2008 Oct 8;2008(4):CD006501.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006501.pub2.

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Pia Raanani  1 , Anat Gafter-Gvili, Mical Paul, Isaac Ben-Bassat, Leonard Leibovici, Ofer Shpilberg
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Pia Raanani et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and those with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) have a higher incidence of infections due to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. One approach is the prophylactic administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed conflicting results in terms of type, schedule, dose and hematological patients benefiting from IVIG. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of IVIG in these patients.

Objectives: To determine whether prophylaxis with IVIG reduces mortality or affects other outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies.

Search strategy: PubMed (January 1966 to December 2007), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library, up to 2007, issue 1), LILACS and conference proceedings published between 2002-2007 were searched. The terms "immunoglobulins" or "gammaglobulins" or specific gammaglobulins and similar and the terms "hematologic neoplasms" or "hematologic malignancies" or "transplant" or "autotransplant" or "allotransplant" or "bone marrow transplant" or "peripheral stem cell transplant" and similar were selected. References of all included trials and reviews identified were scanned for additional trials.

Selection criteria: All RCTs comparing prophylaxis of IVIG with placebo, no treatment or another immunoglobulin preparation, different administration schedules or doses for patients with hematological malignancies were included. One author screened all abstracts identified through the search strategy and two reviewers independently inspected each reference identified by the search and applied inclusion criteria.

Data collection and analysis: For each trial, results were expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences for continuous data. We conducted meta-analysis, where enough similar trials were available, using the fixed- effects model, unless significant heterogeneity was present. We performed sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of individual methodological quality measures on effect estimates, including allocation generation, concealment and blinding.

Main results: Forty trials were included: thirty included HSCT patients and ten included patients LPD. When polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune cytomegalovirus (CMV)-IVIG was compared to control for HSCT, there was no difference in all-cause mortality. Polyvalent immunoglobulins significantly reduced the risk for interstitial pneumonitis but increased the risk for veno-occlusive disease and adverse events. In LPD, no benefit in terms of mortality IVIG could be demonstrated but there was a decrease in clinically and microbiologically documented infections.

Authors' conclusions: In patients undergoing HSCT, routine prophylaxis with IVIG is not supported. Its use may be considered in LPD patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections, for reduction of clinically documented infections.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest

Figures

1
1
Flow diagram
2
2
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.1 All‐cause Mortality.
3
3
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.2 All cause mortality 100 days.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.3 All‐cause Mortality at 1‐2years and more.
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.4 All‐cause Mortality ‐ by type of HSCT.
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.5 All cause mortality ‐by use of antifungal prophylaxis.
7
7
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.6 All‐cause Mortality ‐ high dose IVIG.
8
8
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.7 All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by randomization generation.
9
9
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.8 All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by double blinding.
10
10
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.22 All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by ITT.
11
11
Funnel plot: all cause mortality, IVIG vs. no treatment, HSCT
12
12
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.9 Clinically documented infections.
13
13
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.24 Clinically Documented Infections‐ sensitivity analysis by randomization generation.
14
14
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.25 Clinically documented infections ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding.
15
15
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.10 Microbiologically documented infections ‐ bacterial.
16
16
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.11 Microbiologically documented infections ‐ patient months.
17
17
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.12 CMV infections.
18
18
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.20 CMV Infections and Interstitial pneumonitis.
19
19
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.23 CMV Infections, Interstitial pneumonitis and VOD.
20
20
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.13 CMV infections ‐ patient months.
21
21
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.14 Interstitial Pneumonitis.
22
22
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.28 IP ‐ sensitivity analysis by randomization generation.
23
23
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.29 IP ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding.
24
24
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.15 Infection‐related Mortality.
25
25
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.16 Acute GVHD.
26
26
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.17 VOD.
27
27
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.19 VOD according to type of transplant.
28
28
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.26 VOD ‐ sensitivity analysis according to randomization generation.
29
29
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.27 VOD ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding.
30
30
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.18 Adverse Events.
31
31
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.30 Fungal Infections.
32
32
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 1.31 Bacteremia.
33
33
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.1 All‐cause Mortality.
34
34
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.2 All‐cause Mortality ‐ 100d (3‐4mo).
35
35
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.3 CMV infection.
36
36
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.4 Interstitial Pneumonitis.
37
37
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.5 Infection‐related Mortality.
38
38
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.6 Acute GVHD.
39
39
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 2.8 Fungal Infections.
40
40
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.1 All‐cause Mortality.
41
41
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.2 All‐cause Mortality ‐ 100d (3‐4 mo).
42
42
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.3 CMV infection.
43
43
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.4 Interstitial Pneumonitis.
44
44
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.5 Infection‐related Mortality.
45
45
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.6 Acute GVHD.
46
46
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, outcome: 3.7 Adverse Events.
47
47
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, outcome: 4.1 All‐cause Mortality.
48
48
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, outcome: 4.3 CMV Infection.
49
49
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, outcome: 4.4 Interstitial Pneumonitis.
50
50
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, outcome: 4.5 Infection‐related Mortality.
51
51
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, outcome: 4.6 Acute GVHD.
52
52
Forest plot of comparison: 5 Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, outcome: 5.2 Clinically documented Infection.
53
53
Forest plot of comparison: 5 Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, outcome: 5.3 Microbiologically documented Infection.
54
54
Forest plot of comparison: 5 Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, outcome: 5.5 Interstitial Pneumonitis.
55
55
Forest plot of comparison: 5 Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, outcome: 5.8 Acute GVHD.
56
56
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.1 All‐cause Mortality.
57
57
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.2 Clinically‐documented infections.
58
58
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.3 Microbiologically‐documented infections.
59
59
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.4 Bacteremia.
60
60
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.6 Adverse Events.
61
61
Forest plot of comparison: 6 Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, outcome: 6.7 Adverse Events requiring discontinuation.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 2: All cause mortality 100 days
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 3: All‐cause Mortality at 1‐2years and more
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 4: All‐cause Mortality ‐ by type of HSCT
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 5: All cause mortality ‐by use of antifungal prophylaxis
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 6: All‐cause Mortality ‐ high dose IVIG
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 7: All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by randomization generation
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 8: All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by double blinding
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 9: Clinically documented infections
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 10: Microbiologically documented infections ‐ bacterial
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 11: Microbiologically documented infections ‐ patient months
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 12: CMV infections
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 13: CMV infections ‐ patient months
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 14: Interstitial Pneumonitis
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 15: Infection‐related Mortality
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 16: Acute GVHD
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 17: VOD
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 18: Adverse Events
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 19: VOD according to type of transplant
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 20: CMV Infections and Interstitial pneumonitis
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 21: acute GVHD and VOD
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 22: All‐cause Mortality ‐sensitivity analysis by ITT
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 23: CMV Infections, Interstitial pneumonitis and VOD
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 24: Clinically Documented Infections‐ sensitivity analysis by randomization generation
1.25
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 25: Clinically documented infections ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding
1.26
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 26: VOD ‐ sensitivity analysis according to randomization generation
1.27
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 27: VOD ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding
1.28
1.28. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 28: IP ‐ sensitivity analysis by randomization generation
1.29
1.29. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 29: IP ‐ sensitivity analysis by blinding
1.30
1.30. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 30: Fungal Infections
1.31
1.31. Analysis
Comparison 1: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 31: Bacteremia
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 2: All‐cause Mortality ‐ 100d (3‐4mo)
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 3: CMV infection
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 4: Interstitial Pneumonitis
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 5: Infection‐related Mortality
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 6: Acute GVHD
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 7: Adverse Events
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 8: Fungal Infections
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2: Hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 9: Bacteremia
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 2: All‐cause Mortality ‐ 100d (3‐4 mo)
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 3: CMV infection
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 4: Interstitial Pneumonitis
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 5: Infection‐related Mortality
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 6: Acute GVHD
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3: Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ HSCT, Outcome 7: Adverse Events
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 2: Clinically documented Infection
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 3: CMV Infection
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 4: Interstitial Pneumonitis
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 5: Infection‐related Mortality
4.6
4.6. Analysis
Comparison 4: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG ‐ HSCT, Outcome 6: Acute GVHD
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 2: Clinically documented Infection
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 3: Microbiologically documented Infection
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 4: CMV Infection
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 5: Interstitial Pneumonitis
5.6
5.6. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 6: Infection related Mortality
5.7
5.7. Analysis
Comparison 5: Polyvalent immunoglobulins 250mg/kg vs. Polyvalent immunoglobulins or hyperimmune CMV‐IVIG 500mg/kg ‐ HSCT, Outcome 7: Acute GVHD
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 1: All‐cause Mortality
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 2: Clinically‐documented infections
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 3: Microbiologically‐documented infections
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 4: Bacteremia
6.5
6.5. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 5: Infection‐related Mortality
6.6
6.6. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 6: Adverse Events
6.7
6.7. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 7: Adverse Events requiring discontinuation
6.8
6.8. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 8: Clinically and microbiologically documented infections
6.9
6.9. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 9: Fungal infections
6.10
6.10. Analysis
Comparison 6: Polyvalent immunoglobulins vs. placebo / no intervention ‐ MM/CLL, Outcome 10: Bacteremia
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Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Abdel‐Mageed 1999 {published data only}
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Bordigoni 1987 {published data only}
    1. Bordigoni, P, Janot, C, Aymard, JP, Witz, F, Bene, MC, Legras, B, Schoonemann, F, Olive, D, Streiff, F. [Clinical and biological evaluation of the preventive role of anti-cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulins in bone marrow grafts. Randomized study of 60 patients] [Evaluation clinique et biologique du role prphylatctyque des immunoglobulines specifiques anto-cytomegalovirus dans les greffes medullaires]. Nouvelle revue fran?aise d'hematologie 1987;29(5):289-93. - PubMed
Boughton 1995 {published data only}
    1. Boughton, BJ, Jackson, N, Lim, S, Smith, N. Randomized trial of intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Clinical and laboratory haematology 1995;17(1):75-80. - PubMed
Bowden 1986 {published data only}
    1. Bowden RA, Sayers M, Flournoy N, Newton B, Banaji M, Thomas ED, Meyers JD. ytomegalovirus immune globulin and seronegative blood products to prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplantation. The New England journal of medicine 1986;314(16):1006-10. - PubMed
Bowden 1991 {published data only}
    1. Bowden, RA, Fisher, LD, Rogers, K, Cays, M, Meyers, JD. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of primary CMV infection and disease after marrow transplant. The Journal of infectious diseases 1991;164(3):483-7. - PubMed
Chapel 1994 {published data only}
    1. Chapel, HM, Lee, M, Hargreaves, R, Pamphilon, DH, Prentice, AG. Randomised trial of intravenous immunoglobulin as prophylaxis against infection in plateau-phase multiple myeloma. The UK Group for Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Lancet 1994;343(8905):1059-63. - PubMed
Chapel 1994c {published data only}
    1. Chapel, H, Dicato, M, Gamm, H, Brennan, V, Ries, F, Bunch, C, Lee, M. Immunoglobulin replacement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a comparison of two dose regimes. British journal of haematology 1994;88:209-12. - PubMed
Condie 1984 {published data only}
    1. Condie RM, O'Reilly RJ. Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection by prophylaxis with an intravenous, hyperimmune, native, unmodified cytomegalovirus globulin. Randomized trial in bone marrow transplant recipients. The American journal of Medicine 1984;76(3A):134-141. - PubMed
    1. O'Reilly, RJ, Reich, L, Gold, J, Kirkpatrick, D, Dinsmore, R, Kapoor, N, Condie, R. A randomized trial of intravenous hyperimmune globulin for the prevention of CMV infections following marrow transplantation: preliminary results. Transplantation proceedings 1983;XV(1):1405-1411.
Cooperative CLL 1988 {published data only}
    1. Cooperative Group for the Study of Immunoglobulin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cooperative Group for the Study of Immunoglobulin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. The New England journal of medicine 1988;319(14):902-7. - PubMed
    1. Griffiths, H, Brennan, V, Lea, J, Bunch, C, Lee, M, Chapel, H. Crossover study of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with low-grade B-cell tumors. Blood 1989;73(2):366-8. - PubMed
Cordonnier 2003 {published data only}
    1. Cordonnier C, Chevret S, Legrand M, Rafi H, Dhedin N, Lehmann B, Bassompierre F, Gluckman E. Should immunoglobulin therapy be used in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation? A randomized, double-blind, dose effect, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Annals of internal medicine 2003;139(1):8-18. - PubMed
Emanuel 1992 {published data only}
    1. Emanuel D, Taylor J, Brochstein J, Kernan N, Boulad F, Small TGillo A, Laver J, Castro-Malaspina H, Young J, Papadopoulos E, Carabasi M, Childs B, Flomenberg M, O'Reilly R. The use of intravenous immune globulin as prophylaxis for the infectious complications of allogeneic marrow transplantation. In: Blood. Vol. 80. 1992:271a.
Feinstein 1999 {published data only}
    1. Feinstein, LC, Seidel, K, Jocum, J, Bowden, RA, Anasetti, C, Deeg, HJ, Flowers, ME, Kansu, E, Martin, PJ, Nash, RA, Storek, J, Etzioni, R, Applebaum, FR, Hansen, JA, Storb, R, Sullivan, KM. Reduced dose intravenous immunoglobulin does not decrease transplant-related complications in adults given related donor marrow allografts. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 1999;5(6):369-78. - PubMed
Filipovich 1992 {published data only}
    1. Filipovich, AH, Peltier, MH, Bechtel, MK, Dirksen, CL, Strauss, SA, Englund, JA. Circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV) neutralizing activity in bone marrow transplant recipients: comparison of passive immunity in a randomized study of four intravenous IgG products administered to CMV-seronegative patients. Blood 1992;80:2656-60. - PubMed
Gluck 1990 {published data only}
    1. Gluck, S, Schnutenhaus, W, Schneider, W. Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) application to patients with recurrent infections and secondary antibody deficiency due to B-cell neoplasia. In: Blut. Vol. 61. 1990:140.
Graham Pole 1990 {published data only}
    1. Graham Pole, J, Amylon, M, Elfenbein, G, Gallo, J, Klempere, M, Janssen, J, Lazarus, H, Pick, T, Fand, K, Spruce, W. Preventing systemic infections with IVIG: a randomized multicenter trial. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1990;5(suppl 2):132.
Hargreaves 1992 {published data only}
    1. Hagreaves RM, Lea JR, Holt J, Bunch C, Reid C, Griffiths H, Chapel, H. Infection, immune response and intravenous immunoglobulin infection prophylaxis in myeloma. British journal of cancer 1992;66(suppl XVII Abstract O40):11.
Jacobsen 1985 {published data only}
    1. Jacobsen, N, Schafer, U, Ostendorf, P, Kubaneck, B, Wolf, H. Intravenous hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine 1985;10(2-3):193-5. - PubMed
    1. Kubaneck B, Ernst P, Ostendorf P, Schafer U, Wolf H. Preliminary data of a controlled trial of interavenous hyperimmune globulin in the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings 1985;XVII:468-9.
Lum 1994 {published data only}
    1. Lum L, Bitonti O, Galoforo S, Walker A, Lum C, Abella E, Babington R, Karenes C, Momim F, Uberti J, Ratanatharathorn V, Sensenbrenner L. Intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) does not alter immune parameters in a randomized trial after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In: Experimental hematology. Vol. 22. 1994:680.
Meyers 1983 {published data only}
    1. Meyers, JD, Leszczynski, J, Zaia, JA, Flournoy, N, Newton, B, Snydman, DR, Wright, GG, Levin, MJ, Thomas, ED. Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection by cytomegalovirus immune globulin after marrow transplantation. Annals of internal medicine 1983;98:442-6. - PubMed
Molica 1996 {published data only}
    1. Molica S, Musto P, Chiurazzi F, Specchia G, Brugiatelli M, Cicoira L, Levato D, Nobile F, Carotenuto M, Liso V, Rotoli B. Prophylaxis against infections with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results of a crossover study. Haematologica 1996;81(2):121-6. - PubMed
Musto 1995 {published data only}
    1. Musto, P, Brugiatelli, M, Carotenuto, M. Prophylaxis against infections with intravenous immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma. British journal of haematology 1995;89(4):945-6. - PubMed
Peltier 1992 {published data only}
    1. Peltier MK, Filipovich AH, Bechtel M, Dirksen CL, Englund JA. Randomized double-blinded comparison of three intravenous immunoglobulin products in bone marrow transplantation. Seminars in hematology 1992;29:112-5. - PubMed
Poynton 1992 {published data only}
    1. Jackson, SK, Parton, J, Barnes, RA, Poynton, CH, Fegan, C. Effect of IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin) on endotoxaemia and anti-endotoxin antibodies in bone marrow transplantation. European journal of clinical investigation 1993;23(9):540-5. - PubMed
    1. Poynton CH, Jackson S, Fegan C, Barnes RA, Whittaker JA. Use of IgM enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin) in bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation 1992;9:451-7. - PubMed
Raiola 2002 {published data only}
    1. Raiola AM, Di Grazia C, Dominietto A, Bregante S, Gualandi F, Lamparelli T, Occhini D, Van Lint MT, Bacigalupo A. Prevention of graft versus host disease with IgM enriched immunoglobulins: a preliminary analysis of a randomized study [abstract]. In: Bone Marrow Transplantation. Vol. 29. 2002:S188.
Ringden 1987 {published data only}
    1. Ringden, O, Pihlstedt, P, Volin, L, Nikoskelainen, J, Lonnqvist, B, Ruutu, P, Ruutu, T, Toivanen, A, Wahren, B. Failure to prevent cytomegalovirus infection by cytomegalovirus hyperimmune plasma: a randomized trial by the Nordic Bone Marrow Transplantation Group. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1987;2(3):299-305. - PubMed
Ruutu 1997 {published data only}
    1. Ruutu T, Ljungman P, Brinch L, Lenhoff S, Lonnqvist B, Ringden O, Ruutu P Volin L, Albrechtsen D, Sallerfors B, Ebeling F, Myllyla G. No prevention of cytomegalovirus infection by anti-cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin in seronegative bone marrow transplant recipients. The Nordic BMT Group. Bone marrow transplantation 1997;19(3):233-6. - PubMed
Salmon 1967 {published data only}
    1. Salmon, SE, Samal, BA, Hayes, DM, Hosley, H, Miller, SP, Schilling, A. Role of gamma globulin for immunoprophylaxis in multiple myeloma. The New England journal of medicine 1967;277:1336-40. - PubMed
Serrano 1999 {published data only}
    1. J Serrano, M Falcon, JA Castillejo, JA Navarro, A Pascual, I Gracia-Rubio, C Martin, P Gomez, F Martinez, A Torres. A randomized trial to determine the utility of intravenous hyperimmune immunoglobulin in antimicrobial prophylaxis and its immunomodulatory effect in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation hyperimmune immunoglobulin in antimicrobial prophylaxis and its immunomodulatory effect in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantology (Madrid) 1999;10(1):1-10.
Sklenar 1993 {published data only}
    1. Sklenar, I, Schiffman, G, Jonsson, V, Verhoef, G, Birgens, H, Boogaerts, M, Ferrant, A, Christensen, BE, Hasle, H, Drivsholm, A. Effect of various doses of intravenous polyclonal IgG on in vivo levels of 12 pneumococcal antibodies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Oncology 1993;50:466-477. - PubMed
Sullivan 1990 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan, KM, Kopecky, KJ, , Jocom , J, Fisher, L, Buckner, CD, Meyers, JD, Counts, GW, Bowden, RA, Peterson, FB, Witherspoon, RP. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in bone marrow transplantation. The New England journal of Medicine 1990;323(11):705-12. - PubMed
Sullivan 2000 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan, K, Seidel, K, Jocom, J, Anasetti, C, Hnasen, J, Storb, R, Messner, H, Ndemanee, A, Goldman, J, Kolb, H, Beatty, P, Gluckman, E. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis in unrelated ddonor bone marrow transplantation(BMT): a phase III double-blind, Placebo-controlled multi-institutional trial. In: ASCO annual meeting abstract book. 2000:abstract 181.
Ustun 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ustun, C, Ozcan, M, Beksac, M, Ilhan, O, Cakir Gurman, G, Akan, H, Demirer, T, Arat, M, Celebi, H, Konuk, N, et al. Clinical effects of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)treatment in patients with allogenetic peripheral stem cell transplantation. Blood 1998;92(10 Suppl1 (Pt 2)):355b, abstract 4528.
Winston 1982 {published data only}
    1. Winston, DJ, Pollard, RB, Ho, WG, Gallagher, JG, Rasmussen, LE, Huang, SN, Lin, CH, Gossett, TG, Merigan, TC, Gale, RP. Cytomegalovirus immune plasma in bone marrow transplant recipients. Annals of internal medicine 1982;97(1):11-8. - PubMed
Winston 1984 {published data only}
    1. Winston, DJ, Ho, WG, Lin, CH, Budinger, MD, Champlin, RE, Gale, RP. Intravenous immunoglobulin for modification of cytomegalovirus infections associated with bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary results of a controlled trial. The American journal of medicine 1984;76(3A):128-33. - PubMed
Winston 1987 {published data only}
    1. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al [Use of a polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin or specific cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin for modification of cytomegalovirus infections and prevention of interstitial pneumonias following bone marrow transplantation] Immun Infekt 1985, 13:296-301 Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al. Use of a polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin or specific cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin for modification of cytomegalovirus infections and prevention of interstitial pneumonias following bone marrow transplantation. Immunitat und Infektion 1985;13:296-301. - PubMed
    1. Winston, DJ, Ho, WG, Lin, CH, Bartoni, K, Budinger, MD, Gale, RP, Champlin, RE. Intravenous immune globulin for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation. Annals of internal medicine 1987;106(1):12-8. - PubMed
Winston 1993 {published data only}
    1. Winston, DJ, Ho, WG, Bartoni, K, Champlin, RE. Intravenous immunoglobulin and CMV-seronegative blood products for prevention of CMV infection and disease in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone marrow transplantation 1993;12(3):283-8. - PubMed
Winston 2001 {published data only}
    1. Winston, DJ, Antin, JH, Wolff, SN, Bierer, BE, Small, T, Miller, KB, Linker, C, Kaizer, H, Lazarus, HM, Petersen, FB, Cowan, MJ, Ho, WG, Wingard, JR, Schiller, GJ, Territo, MC, Jiao, J, Petrarca, MA, Tonetta, SA. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparison of different doses of intravenous immunoglobulin for prevention of graft-versus-host disease and infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation 2001;28(2):187-96. - PubMed
Wolff 1993 {published data only}
    1. Wolff SN, Fay JW, Herzig RH, Greer JP, Dummer S, Brown RA, Collins RH, Stevens DA, Herzig GP. High-dose weekly intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent infections in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation or severe myelosuppressive therapy. A study of the American Bone Marrow Transplant Group. Annals of internal medicine 1993;118(12):937-42. - PubMed
Zikos 1998 {published data only}
    1. Zikos, P, Van Lint, MT, Lamparelli, T, Gualandi, F, Occhini, D, Mordini, N, Berisso, G, Bregante, S, Bacigalupo, A. A randomized trial of high dose polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIgG) vs. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hyperimmune IgG in allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Haematologica 1998;83(2):132-7. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Aulitzky 1991 {published data only}
    1. Aulitzky, WE, Schulz, TF, Tilg, H, Niederwieser, D, Larcher, K, Ostberg, L, Scriba, M, Martindale, J, Stern, AC, Grass, P. Human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing cytomegalovirus (CMV) for prophylaxis of CMV disease: report of a phase I trial in bone marrow transplant recipients. The Journal of infectious diseases 1991;163(6):1344-7. - PubMed
Bode 1986 {published data only}
    1. Bode, U, Erps, M, Liappis, N. Immunoglobulin administration as infection prevention in oncologic patients [Immunglobulingabe als infektionprophylaxe onkologischer patienten?]. Klinische P?diatrie 1986;198(6):476-8. - PubMed
Bunch 1988 {published data only}
    1. Bunch, C. Immunoglobulin replacement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nouvelle Revue Francaise d'Hematologie 1988;30(5-6):419-22. - PubMed
Chapel 1992 {published data only}
    1. Chapel HM, Lee M. Immunoglobulin replacement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL):kinetics of immunoglobulin metabolism. Journal of clinical immunology 1992;12(1):17-20. - PubMed
Chapel 1993 {published data only}
    1. Chapel, HM, Hargreaves, R, Lee, M, Pamphilon, D. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Immunodeficiency 1993;4(1-4):77-8. - PubMed
Collins 1991 {published data only}
    1. Collins, PW, Slocombe, G, Wainwright, A, Newland, AC. A pilot study using intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of infection during remission induction in acute leukaemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 1991;6:25-30. - PubMed
    1. Collins, PW, Solocombe, G, Wainwright, A, Newland, AC. Intravenous immunoglobulin for infection prophylaxis in acute leukemia. In: British Journal of Haemaology. Vol. 77. 1991:75.
Copelan 1994 {published data only}
    1. Copelan, EA, Bechtel, TP, Klein, JP, Klein, JL, Tutschka, P, Kapoor, N, Featheringham, NC, Avalos, BR. Controlled trial of orally administered immunoglobulin following bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation 1994;13:87-91. - PubMed
Cortez 2002 {published data only}
    1. Cortez, K, Murphy, BR, Almeida, KN, Beeler, J, Levandowski, RA, Gill, VJ, Childs, RW, Barrett, AJ, Smolskis, M, Bennett, JE. Immune-globulin prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation. The Journal of infectious diseases 2002;186:834-8. - PubMed
Eijkhout 2001 {published data only}
    1. Eijkhout, HW, Der Meer, JW, Kallenberg, CG, Weening, RS, van Dissel, JT, Sanders, LA, Strengers, PF, Nienhuis, H, Schellekens, PT. The effect of two different dosages of intravenous immunoglobulin on the incidence of recurrent infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter crossover trial. Annals of internal medicine 2001;135:165-74. - PubMed
Elfenbein 1989 {published data only}
    1. Elfenbein, G, Krischer, J, Babington, R, Hong, R, Jansen, J, Lazarus, H, Winton, E, Rand, K. Interim results of a multicenter trial to prevent cytomegalovirus pneumonia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation proceedings 1989;21(1):3099-100. - PubMed
Esperou 2004 {published data only}
    1. Esperou, H, Brunot, A, Roudot-Thoraval, F, Buzyn, A, Dhedin, N, Rio, B, Chevret, S, Bassompierre, F, Gluckman, E, Cordonnier, C, Durand-Zaleski, I. Predicting the costs of allogeneic sibling stem-cell transplantation: results from a prospective, multicenter, French study. Transplantation 2004;77:1854-8. - PubMed
Fehir 1989 {published data only}
    1. Fehir, KM, Decker, WA, Samo, T, Young, JB, Lederer, E, Lawrence, EC. Immune globulin (GAMMAGARD) prophylaxis of CMV infections in patients undergoing organ transplantation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation proceedings 1989;21(1 Pt 3):3107-9. - PubMed
Gamm 1994 {published data only}
    1. Gamm, H, Huber, C, Chapel, H, Lee, M, Ries, F, Dicato, MA. Intravenous immune globulin in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Clinical and experimental immunology 1994;97 Suppl 1:17-20. - PMC - PubMed
Gerein 1989 {published data only}
    1. Gerein, V, Kropp, H, Schwabe, D, Gussetis, E, Langer, B, Kornhuber, B. [Prevention of cytomegalic inclusion disease in leukemia patients with a cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin preparation] [Zytomegalie-prophylaxe bei leukamierpatienten mit einem zytomegalie-hyperimmunglobulinpraparat]. Klinische P?diatrie 1989;201(4):323-9. - PubMed
Gimesi 1992 {published data only}
    1. Gimesi, A, Eibl, M, Koos, R, Somlo, P, Magyarossy, E, Kardos, G, Fazekas, E, Schmidt, M, Borsi, J, Schuler, D. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis during intensive treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Acta Paediatrica Hungarica 1992;32(2):115-25. - PubMed
Graham Pole 1988 {published data only}
    1. Graham-Pole, J, Camitta, B, Casper, J, Elfenbein, G, Gross, S, Herzig, R, Koch, P, Mahoney, D, Marcus, R, Munoz, L, Munoz, L, Pick, T, Spruce, W, Steuber, P, Weiner, R. Intravenous immunoglobulin may lessen all forms of infection in patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a pediatric oncology group study. Bone marrow transplantation 1988;3:559-66. - PubMed
Jurlander 1994 {published data only}
    1. Jurlander J, Geisler CH, Hansen MM. Treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by low-dose intravenous gammaglobulin. European journal of haematology 1994;53(2):114-8. - PubMed
Klaesson 1995 {published data only}
    1. Klaesson, S, Ringden, O, Markling, L, Tammik, L. Intravenous immunoglobulin: immune modulatory effects in vitro and clinical effects in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Transplantation proceedings 1995;27(6):3536-7. - PubMed
Messori 1994 {published data only}
    1. Messori, A, Rampazzo, R, Scroccaro, G, Martini, N. Efficacy of hyperimmune anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulins for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a meta-analysis. Bone marrow transplantation 1994;13(2):163-7. - PubMed
Nasman Bjork 1999 {published data only}
    1. Nasman B, I, Fesel C, Brissac C, Lundkvist I. Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin treatment influences serum immunoglobulin M repertoire development after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Scandinavian journal of immunology 1999;50(1):73-82. - PubMed
Nurnberger 1988 {published data only}
    1. Nurenberger, W, Willers, R, Schroten, H, Bunning, G, Gobel, U, Whan, V. Preventive long term intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in children with acute lymphatic leukemia. II. Zymosan opsonization is decreased and is not increased by IgG infusions [Prophylaktische Langzeit-i.v.-Immunoglobulin-Infusion bei Kindern mot akuter lymphatischer Leulamie. II. Die Zymosan-Opsonisierung ist erniedrigt und wird durch IgG-infusionen nicht gesteigert]. Monatsschroft Kinderheilkunde: Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde 1988;136(4):181-185. - PubMed
Petersen 1987 {published data only}
    1. Petersen FB, Bowden RA, Thornquist M, Meyers JD, Buckner CD, Counts GW, Nelson N, Newton BA, Sullivan KM, McIver J. The effect of prophylactic intravenous immune globulin on the incidence of septicemia in marrow transplant recipients. Bone marrow transplantation 1987;2(2):141-7. - PubMed
Rand 1991 {published data only}
    1. Rand, KH, Gibbs, K, Derendorf, H, Graham-Pole, J. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulin (Gammagard) in bone marrow transplant patients. Journal of clinical pharmacology 1991;31(12):1151-4. - PubMed
Spitzer 1992 {published data only}
    1. Spitzer, TR, Cottler-Fox, M, Sullivan, P, Lynch, M, Tefft, MC, Pickle, LW, Cirenza, E, Cahill, R, Deeg, HJ, Sacher, R. Continuous infusion intravenous immunoglobulin is associated with a reduced incidence of infection and achieves higher serum immunoglobulin G levels than intermittent infusion following bone marrow transplantation. Seminars in hematology 1992;29(3 Suppl 2):123-6. - PubMed
Sullivan 1996 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan, KM, Storek, J, Kopecky, KJ, Jocom, J, Longton, G, Flowers, M, Siadak, M, Nims, J, Witherspoon, RP, Anasetti, C, Appelbaum, FR, Bowden, RA, Buckner, CD, Crawford, SW, Deeg, HJ, Hansen, JA, McDonald, GB, Sanders, JE, Storb, R. A controlled trial of long-term administration of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent late infection and chronic graft-vs.-host disease after marrow transplantation: clinical outcome and effect on subsequent immune recovery. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 1996;2(1):44-53. - PubMed
Sullivan 1998 {published data only}
    1. Sullivan, KM, Kansu, E, Storer, B, Jocom, J, Emerson, G, Reagan, T, Emerson, V, Siadak, MF, Davis, C, Appelbaum, FR, Buckner, CD, Hansen, JA, Shulman, HM, Storb, R, McDonald, GB. Intravenous immunoglobulin and the risk of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 1998;4(1):20-6. - PubMed
Terada 1980 {published data only}
    1. Terada, H, Matsuno, K. Clinical effects of gamma globulin in severe infections associated with leukemia and malignant lymphoma. [Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology 1980;21(9):1328-32. - PubMed
Vu Van 1985 {published data only}
    1. Vu Van, H, Fiere, D, Chomel, J, Thouvenot, D, Guyotat, D, Dutou, L, Ginestet, C, Lacroze, M, Aymard, M. Prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus infection after BMT with gammaglobulins. Experimental hematology (suppl.17) 1985;13:105.

Additional references

Bass 1993
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Besa 1992
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Chapel 1994b
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Griffiths 1989
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Jackson 1993
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Kubaneck 1985
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O'Reilly 1983
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Perri 1981
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Winston 1985
    1. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al [Use of a polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin or specific cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin for modification of cytomegalovirus infections and prevention of interstitial pneumonias following bone marrow transplantation] Immun Infekt 1985, 13:296-301 Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin GH et al. Use of a polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin or specific cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin for modification of cytomegalovirus infections and prevention of interstitial pneumonias following bone marrow transplantation. Immunit?t und Infektion 1985;13:296-301. - PubMed
Winston 1987a
    1. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin CH, Bartoni K, Budinger MD, Gale RP, Champlin RE. Intravenous immune globulin for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation. Annals of internal medicine 1987;106(1):12-8. - PubMed
Winston 1987b
    1. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Lin CH, Bartoni K, Budinger MD, Gale RP, Champlin RE. Intravenous immune globulin for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation. Annals of internal medicine 1987;106(1):12-8. - PubMed
Winston 1990
    1. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Champlin RE. Cytomegalovirus infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Reviews of infectious diseases 1990;12 Suppl 7:S776-S792. - PubMed

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