[Nutrition in prevention of age-related macular degeneration]

Abstract

In the developed countries nowadays, there is an epidemy of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), what is caused by aging of the populations. Macular concentration of lutein and zeaxantin decreases with age, what exacerbates harmful effect of blue light on photoreceptors. Lutein and zeaxantin act as a filter of the high energy blue light. Besides, these carotenoids are strong antioxidants and neutralize light-generated free radicals. Plant foods are the exclusive dietary sources of the carotenoids. Macular lutein and zeaxantin concentrations are related to their consumption. Their average intake in the European countries is several times lower than 6 mg daily, what is the estimated recommended intake. The important role of high lutein and zeaxantin diet in AMD prevention is suggested. However, the results of the hitherto research are inconsistent. Use of lutein and zeaxantin supplements in patients with AMD resulted in sight improvement, what suggests the effeciveness of the supplements use both in prevention and treatment. However, there is a need of further research.