Hereditary and environmental influences on blood pressure values of premenopausal women and their college-age daughters

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) and environmental (dietary/lifestyle) variables were measured in 62 healthy normotensive pairs of premenopausal mothers (44.3 years) and their college-age consanguineous daughters (18.7 years) to estimate the relative contributions of genetic vs environmental factors on BP. As expected, the mothers had significantly higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures than the daughters (p less than 0.004 and 0.012, respectively). Among the dietary/lifestyle variables measured, mothers were found to have significantly higher mean weight and body mass index (BMI) (p less than 0.009 and 0.001, respectively), and significantly lower lean body mass (LBM) and calcium intake than their daughters (p less than 0.003 and 0.037, respectively). Significant correlations were found between mean BP of the mothers and their mean weight and BMI. No significant correlations existed for the daughters. The familial resemblances between BP of the mothers and daughters were relatively low, i.e., 0.14 for SBP and 0.19 for DBP. From these findings we conclude that the higher BP values with increased age among this healthy female population primarily result from an increase in BMI and a shift from lean to fat mass, as measured by midarm circumference. Our results suggest that environmental factors, i.e., excessive energy intake over time, accompanied by decreased physical activity, are primarily responsible for the greater indices of body fat and the higher BPs observed in this sample of healthy premenopausal women.

PIP: Blood pressure (BP) and environmental (dietary/lifestyle) variables were measured in 62 healthy, normotensive pairs of premenopausal mothers (44.3 years) and their college age consanguineous daughters (18.7 years) to estimate the relative contributions of genetic vs environmental factors on BP. As expected, the mothers had significantly higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP than the daughters (p0.004 and 0.012, respectively). Among the dietary/lifestyle variables measured, mothers were found to have significantly higher means for smoking cigarettes and using oral contraceptives; weight and body mass index (BMI; p0.009 and 0.001, respectively), and significantly lower lean body mass (LBM) and calcium intake than their daughters (p0.0003 and 0.037, respectively). Significant correlations were found between mean BP of the mothers and their mean weight and BMI. No significant correlations existed for the daughters. The familial resemblances between BPs of mothers and daughters were relatively low, i.e., 0.14 for SBP and 0.19 for DBP. From these findings, the authors conclude that the higher BP values with increased age among this healthy female population primarily result from an increase in BMI and a shift from lean to fat mass, as measured by midarm circumference. The results suggest that environmental factors, such as excessive energy intake over time, accompanied by decreased physical activity, are primarily responsible for the greater indices of body fat and the higher BPs observed in this sample of healthy premenopausal women.