Sucrose to polycose preference shifts in rats: the role of taste, osmolality and the fructose moiety

Abstract

Rats given continuous access to 32% sucrose and Polycose solutions initially preferred sucrose but over days reversed their preference and drank more Polycose than sucrose. The role of taste and postingestive factors in this preference shift were investigated in several experiments. A strong and persistent preference for saccharin-sweetened Polycose over unsweetened Polycose was eliminated by intervening experience with a sucrose vs. Polycose choice test, suggesting that the postingestive effects modify the attractiveness of sweet taste. Osmolality differences between sucrose and Polycose were ruled out as an important factor; increasing the osmolality of Polycose by addition of glucose did not prevent the sucrose to Polycose preference shift. Rather, the shift in preference appears to result from some postingestive consequence of the fructose moiety contained in sucrose. This is indicated by the findings that rats did not reliably prefer a fructose-Polycose mixture to a sucrose solution in long-term tests, but developed preferences for maltose over sucrose solutions, and for glucose + Polycose over fructose + Polycose mixtures. Also, a 32% glucose solution was strongly preferred to a 32% fructose solution. Other studies examined the parameters of the sucrose to Polycose preference shift. The Polycose preference was accomplished by increases in both Polycose meal size and frequency. It occurred only with relatively concentrated solutions (16 and 32%) and was incomplete when the carbohydrates were presented in powdered form. Preexposure to Polycose enhanced the preference shift, whereas preexposure to sucrose retarded the development of the preference, suggesting that the shift occurs because Polycose is more rewarding, rather than because sucrose is more aversive. Polycose preference was lost after several days without the solutions but redeveloped in subsequent sucrose vs. Polycose choice tests. Thus the preference shift appears to be due to taste-postingestive consequence conditioning but its expression is dependent upon the nutritional state of the animal.