Positive nonsentinel node status predicts mortality in patients with cutaneous melanoma

Abstract

While sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) is a highly accurate and well-tolerated procedure for patients with cutaneous melanoma, the role of the completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for patients with positive SLN biopsy remains unknown. This study aimed to look at the prognostic value of a positive nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN). A prospectively maintained database identified 222 patients with cutaneous melanoma and a positive SLN biopsy, without evidence of distant disease. All of these patients underwent CLND, and 37 patients (17%) had positive NSLN. With median follow-up of 33 months, patients with negative NSLN had median survival of 104 months, while patients with positive NSLN had median survival of 36 months (p < 0.001). There were no survivors in the patients with positive NSLN beyond 6 years. When patients with an equal number of positive nodes were analyzed, the presence of a positive NSLN was still associated with worse melanoma-specific survival (66 months for NSLN- versus 34 months for NSLN+, p = 0.04). While increasing age, tumor thickness, and male sex were associated with an increased risk of death on multivariate analysis, a positive NSLN was the most important predictor of survival (hazard ratio 2.5). We conclude that positive NSLN is an independent predictor of disease-specific survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

FIG. 1

DSS in patients with a positive and negative NSLN. Median survival in the NSLN– group was 104 months, while median survival in the NSLN+ group was 36 months (p < 0.001)

FIG. 2

DSS in patients with two positive nodes. The NSLN– group had two positive sentinel nodes. The NSLN+ group had one positive SLN and one positive NSLN. Median survival of the NSLN– group was 66 months, while median survival of the NSLN+ group was 34 months (p = 0.04)