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Review
. 2008 Oct:1141:257-69.
doi: 10.1196/annals.1441.027.

Substance abuse vaccines

Frank M Orson  1 , Berma M Kinsey, Rana A K Singh, Yan Wu, Tracie Gardner, Thomas R Kosten
Affiliations
Review

Substance abuse vaccines

Frank M Orson et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct.

Abstract

Conventional substance-abuse treatments have only had limited success for drugs such as cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and phencyclidine. New approaches, including vaccination to block the effects of these drugs on the brain, are in advanced stages of development. Although several potential mechanisms for the effects of antidrug vaccines have been suggested, the most straightforward and intuitive mechanism involves binding of the drug by antibodies in the bloodstream, thereby blocking entry and/or reducing the rate of entry of the drug into the central nervous system. The benefits of such antibodies on drug pharmacodynamics will be influenced by both the quantitative and the qualitative properties of the antibodies. The sum of these effects will determine the success of the clinical applications of antidrug vaccines in addiction medicine. This review will discuss these issues and present the current status of vaccine development for nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, and morphine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Drug Dose Effect on Binding at 10 and 100 μM−1 K2 Affinities
Panel A: The amount of unbound drug (Y axis) at equilibrium for different initial concentrations of drug (0.5 to 2.5 μM) is plotted against the amount of antibody (X axis) with a K2 binding affinity of 10 μM−1 (see text for discussion). Panel B: The same conditions are plotted for antibody with a K2 binding affinity of 100 μM−1.
Figure 1
Figure 1. Drug Dose Effect on Binding at 10 and 100 μM−1 K2 Affinities
Panel A: The amount of unbound drug (Y axis) at equilibrium for different initial concentrations of drug (0.5 to 2.5 μM) is plotted against the amount of antibody (X axis) with a K2 binding affinity of 10 μM−1 (see text for discussion). Panel B: The same conditions are plotted for antibody with a K2 binding affinity of 100 μM−1.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Affinity Dependence of Binding at 0.5 μM
Drug Unbound drug at equilibrium from a starting concentration of 0.5 μM (Y axis) is plotted against the amount of antibody (X axis) for a range of K2 binding affinities (0.1 to 1000 μM−1).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Drug Dose and Binding Goal, K2 = 100 μM−1
The amount of specific antibody (Y axis) required to achieve a specified proportion of drug binding (50–90%, X axis) is plotted for a range of initial drug concentrations (0.5 to 2.5 μM).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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